Should you use compost or topsoil? The key differences every gardener should know

Wondering whether compost or topsoil is best for your garden? If you've been planning a new garden flowerbed, you may be after some simple clarification between the two.

It's understandable why you might be scratching your head over the matter too. They're both brown and earthy, can be bought from the garden centres in bags, and are used for growing plants. In fact, even if you dabble in your own DIY composting, you might be unsure of how exactly to use it and when to use topsoil instead.

Knowing the differences, and the best ways to use them, gives you a much better chance of successful gardening and might even cost you less. So, to clear up any confusion once and for all, we've brought together everything you need to know when it comes to compost vs topsoil. You'll soon see that it's really quite straightforward.

What is topsoil?

Topsoil, as its name suggests, is the very top layer of natural soil and the most nutrient-dense. It is readily available to buy in bags from DIY stores and garden centres.

As the RHS explains, shop-bought topsoil tends to be categorised into three different types: premium, general-purpose and economy. Premium is the priciest, but the extra cost should buy you a weed-free mix that's high in fertility and has a good, loamy structure. It's a great pick if you're planning on including any new flowerbeds in your future landscaping ideas.

General-purpose topsoil can also be used when creating new borders, or when sowing fresh lawns. You can buy different screen-sized grades – this refers to the mesh screen the soil is sifted through – varying between coarser and finer textures. Coarser grades are good for laying turf (and are generally cheaper) whilst finer grades are better for top dressing lawns, explains the RHS.

Economy topsoil generally hasn't been sifted or 'screened' and is the least expensive. It tends to be used for more structural projects – if you want to build up a level in a sloping garden, for instance. The uneven texture can make it more difficult for plants to grow, which is why it's better used for landscaping rather than gardening. If you want to use it as a filler when building large raised garden beds, however, a finer topsoil can always be added to the top.

Bear in mind that general-purpose, economy, and even some premium topsoils run the risk of having weeds, and sometimes rocks and glass. Carefully check the soil for this before you buy if possible, but still be prepared to do a bit of maintenance once you've got it in place.

What is compost?

Now, compost. This material is made from decomposed organic matter. If you've got a compost bin in your garden, then you may have already seen your old veg scraps transform into a rich, earthy substance over time. Hot composting or indeed worm composting will get you these results faster.

Of course, if you don't make your own, you can buy it (just remember to opt for peat-free compost – crucial for helping out our environment). Whether it's homemade or not, compost slowly releases nutrients when added to the soil – a lot more than topsoil – which are then absorbed by plants.

It can also improve garden drainage, especially in compacted soils, so in general it's a great way to boost the quality of your garden planters, raised beds, and borders. Think of it as a soil amendment. However, it's more expensive than topsoil and tends to retain water less easily.

Save money and make your own compost

Can you mix topsoil and compost together?

When growing plants, you absolutely can – and ideally should – mix together topsoil and compost to get the best of both worlds. This is an ideal approach if you're creating new raised beds or borders.

The topsoil, being less expensive, will provide the quantity of material needed for the project. It will also help the area retain water better (compost tends to dry out much quicker). However, mixing in compost will give the soil an extra boost of valuable nutrients which will help your plants grow stronger and healthier.

You can also mix the two to create your own potting compost, or for your container garden. For these, as well as very hungry plants, such as those in your vegetable garden, it's often a good idea to add a fertiliser to the mix too.

FAQs

Can you use fertiliser instead of compost?

Now you know more about compost vs topsoil, you might be wondering if you can switch in fertiliser instead of compost. After all, both composting and fertilising plants provides them with nutrients, so aren't they pretty much the same thing?

Not quite. Although fertiliser is a great addition to soil mixes, it releases nutrients much quicker and is more expensive (especially if you make your own compost). It also does nothing for the structure of the ground – how well it breaks up the soil, for example.

For those reasons, it's best to use compost mixed with topsoil to create an optimal and sustainable environment for your plants, and then add in fertiliser should you need it. This could be to amend specific nutrient deficiencies or to give veggies a boost during their growing season, for instance.

Whether you're gearing up for your next landscaping project or just fancy creating a colourful new autumn window box display, knowing the differences between compost and topsoil and when to use each one will ensure you get the best results for your garden.