Thousands of households with heat pumps could be paying more than they should to heat their homes because of a hidden issue in how the systems are installed.

New figures presented at a CIBSE Decarbonisation Conference in London suggest that poorly insulated external pipework could be costing some homes around £74 a year in wasted energy.

The findings point to installation quality as a key factor affecting how well the technology performs in real homes.

What the £74 figure is based on

The estimate is based on modelling of heat loss from external pipework where insulation is missing, damaged or poorly fitted.

Even small gaps in insulation can allow heat to escape before it reaches the home, reducing efficiency and increasing running costs.

Across affected households, national energy service WattsWatt estimates this could amount to around £20 million a year in wasted energy.

What experts said at the conference

The issue was highlighted at the CIBSE Decarbonisation Conference in London, which was attended by leading industry and policy figures.

Lisa Malyon, co-founder and CEO of WattsWatt, told the Conference in London that poor insulation on external pipework can drastically affect how efficiently heat pumps operate.

“It’s quite straightforward – if your external pipes aren’t insulated properly, the water cools as it travels through these outdoor pipes, affecting the temperature inside the house. To get the house back up to temperature, the heat pump has to work harder, which uses more energy,” she said.

She added that issues are often only identified after the heat pump installation.

“We first became aware of the issue when households complained their heat pump had stopped working – saying it was nowhere near as good as it had been when it was first installed. It turns out, their external pipework had been insulated with basic grey insulation designed for inside – and it was soaked through.”

Professor Richard Fitton, Professor of Building Performance at the University of Salford, said: “Heat pump technologies need careful design and installation for optimum performance.”

What should affected homeowners do next?

If homeowners suspect their heat pump is not performing properly due to insulation or installation issues, TrustMark – the government-endorsed quality scheme for home improvements – advises that the first step is to contact the original installer.

Most accredited Microgeneration Certification Scheme installations are covered by warranties and consumer protection arrangements, meaning faults may be assessed and corrected without additional cost if raised early.

For homeowners, signs of a potential problem can include:

• Higher than expected running costs
• Reduced heating performance compared to early use
• Visible or poorly protected external pipework

If the installer does not resolve the issue, homeowners can escalate the complaint through TrustMark’s approved dispute resolution process, which is designed to handle problems with certified work.

Homeowners are also advised to keep any paperwork, installation details and records of communication, as this can help support a complaint if further action is needed.

The government has announced new £2,500 grants for air-to-air heat pumps, in a move designed to help more households install systems that can heat homes in winter and cool them in summer.

The funding forms part of an expansion of the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, aimed at reducing the upfront cost of low-carbon heating technology.

Ministers say the changes will make heat pumps a more practical option for a wider range of homes, including flats and smaller properties.

What the air-to-air heat pump grant is for

The £2,500 grant will help households cover the cost of installing air-to-air heat pumps, which extract heat from outside air and distribute it indoors.

Unlike traditional heating systems, they can also be reversed to provide cooling during warmer months, operating in a similar way to air conditioning.

The scheme is intended to reduce the upfront cost of switching to low-carbon heating and increase uptake across different types of homes.

Who the air-to-air heat pump grant applies to

The new heat pump grant is aimed at domestic properties installing eligible air-to-air heat pump systems through certified installers.

It is expected to be particularly relevant for flats and smaller homes, where traditional wet heating systems can be more difficult or expensive to install.

All installations must be carried out by approved Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) installers in order to qualify for the funding.

What could an air-to-air heat pump cost after the grant?

Air-to-air heat pumps are among the most affordable heat pump systems, costing on average between £2,200 and £8,800, depending on the size of the home and energy demand.

Installation costs typically range from £350 to £1,700, as the systems are generally quicker and simpler to install than other heat pump types because they do not require radiators or a wet heating system.

With the new £2,500 government grant, the upfront cost could fall to a maximum of £6,300. For lower cost systems, the new grant could make it completely free, depending on the size of the system and installation requirements.

How to apply for the grant

Applications for the £2,500 heat pump grant are not made directly by homeowners. Instead, the scheme is handled through approved installers under the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS).

Homeowners must first choose an MCS-certified installer, who will assess the property and provide a quote for an eligible air-to-air heat pump system. If the installation qualifies, the installer will apply for the grant on the homeowner’s behalf and deduct the £2,500 from the upfront cost.

The funding is paid directly to the installer once the installation is complete and all requirements have been met, meaning households do not need to claim the money back themselves.

The expansion marks a further push by ministers to accelerate the shift towards low-carbon home heating while making cooling technology more accessible to UK households.

More than 200,000 eligible homeowners will receive a leaflet through their letterbox next week advising them how to claim extra funding if they want to upgrade to a heat pump.

Originally announced earlier this year, the uplift in funding from £7,500 to £9,000 under the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, is targeted at properties in England and Wales that don't connect to mains gas, and are reliant on an oil or LPG boiler.

Coming into force on 21 July 2026, it is hoped the 20% increase will make it more affordable for thousands of homeowners to make the switch.

Why the extra funding is being made available

The Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) supports the installation of low-carbon heating systems, and is currently capped at £7,500 for households replacing gas boilers.

The higher grant of £9,000 will apply to homeowners in England and Wales who are looking to replace an oil or LPG fed boiler with an air-source or ground-source heat pump.

The government says the change reflects higher upfront costs often faced by rural households upgrading heating systems, and has partly been fuelled by the crisis in the Middle East.

In a government statement, Minister for Energy Consumers, Martin McCluskey, said: "This government is determined to bring down energy bills, but I know the war in the Middle East has hit households on heating oil especially hard. We have already taken action to support these households through confirming over £50 million in support for vulnerable customers on heating oil. Now, the Boiler Upgrade Scheme will help thousands of families across England and Wales switch to clean heat to protect them from volatile fossil fuels."

How the process will work

As with all Boiler Upgrade Scheme grants, the heat pump must be installed by a Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) registered installer, who can apply for the grant on your behalf. The money is paid directly to them, thereby reducing your upfront costs.

If you don't receive a leaflet over the coming weeks, homeowners can also use the official UK government Boiler Upgrade Scheme eligibility checker on GOV.UK to see if they are eligible. It asks a few basic questions about your home and heating system and tells you if you’re likely to qualify.

However, there are some conditions. There is an end date to the increased amount which is currently stated as March 2027. The same 120-day install window also applies, meaning your installer must commission and install the heat pump within 120 days of applying for the grant.

How your eligibility will be assessed

The leaflet being issued by the government will explain how to assess your suitability, but in essence, a registered installer will also look at your home, confirm eligibility, and complete the application process as part of the installation.

What will then happen is that the installer will typically replace the existing heating system, including removing oil or LPG boilers and install a heat pump as the new main source of heating.

In some cases, additional work such as adjustments to radiators or insulation may be needed, depending on the property.

The higher grant level is intended to make heat pump installations more financially accessible for households facing the highest upfront costs, particularly those replacing oil-based heating systems, and with rising oil costs, the news could come as some relief for rural homeowners.

On the whole, it has been received positively by industry leaders, with Matt Copeland, Head of Policy and Public affairs at National Energy Action saying in response to the government statement: "This is a positive step for households relying on heating oil, who have recently faced the highest and most volatile energy costs. Many families will be expecting to ration their heating in the coming winter, living in homes they cannot afford to keep warm, not through choice but constraint. 

"Supporting the shift to cleaner heating in these homes can help deliver greater stability and lower bills. The real test," he notes, "will be whether this support reaches those most at risk and makes homes genuinely affordable to heat."

When choosing a heat source for your home central heating system, heat pumps are now a mainstream, and well supported, technology. But, to some homeowners they are still not as well known or familiar as boilers.

And, while heat pumps are categorised a type of renewable energy, they do still require electricity which leads to homeowners wondering how much electricity will my heat pump use?

While everyone's costs will vary depend on a number of factors, not least of all the size of your home and how often you require heat, there are ways of understanding potential electricity costs, as energy expert, David Hilton explains.

How do heat pumps use electricity?

Heat pumps have operational characteristics that are different from other heating technologies such as gas boilers or oil fired central heating. In simple terms heat pumps do not burn a fossil fuel, they move heat from one place to another. The heat pump is usually named after the place it extracts the heat from.

An air-source heat pump gets its heat from the ambient air around the heat pump, while a ground source heat pump extracts the heat from a large network of pipes buried in the ground. The heat is absorbed by a refrigerant circuit and then enhanced before being transferred into the central heating system.

The source of the heat (nature) may be free, but the transfer process uses energy, and that energy is electricity.

Why heat pump efficiency impacts electricity use

Heat pumps operate on an efficiency called a Coefficient of Performance (COP). This is the ratio of electricity used to heat the energy delivered into the home. So, if the heat pump uses 1 unit of electricity to move 4 units of heat to the home, then the COP would be 4 or 400%. The harder the heat pump works then the lower the COP.

So, what causes a heat pump to work harder? Well, there are two main reasons for the heat pump to work hard. Colder temperatures in the air or ground (the source), or the need for higher temperatures in the home.

The ideal scenario for an efficient heat pump, is a small temperature difference between the heat source and the required delivery temperature. If the air is 7°C and the required water temperature is 35°C then the temperature difference is only 28°C. In this scenario you may expect a COP of around 4.

But, if the air temperature is -7°C outside and the required water temperature is 55°C, then the temperature difference is now 62°C – more than twice the temperature rise, and therefore around half the efficiency.

As the season changes and the required heat loads change, so will the COP. So, in order to get a better grasp of the efficiency it is usual to use the Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOP) which is the COP averaged over a year.

From these figures we can see that it is best to let a heat pump run slowly all the time. A common heat pump mistake is to use short start-stop cycles in the same way you might operate a gas boiler. However, this method makes the heat pump work harder as it tries to reheat the water, and needs to achieve a bigger temperature difference in doing so.

There are a number of other influencing factors regarding this matter, but to keep things simple, the COP and SCOP are the main headline contributors to the efficiency of a heat pump – and subsequently how much electricity it will use.

Which heat pump is more efficient – ground source or air source?

When it comes to weighing up the efficiency of an air source heat pump vs ground source heat pump, the efficiency of air source heat pumps tends to be more variable than a ground source heat pump. This is because the air temperature can change very quickly, and very frequently, sometimes many times in a day.

A ground source heat pump however gets its heat from the ground, where the temperature is much more constant. The ground temperature can be around 10°C at a depth of 1.5m, and this temperature may only drop a few degrees across the whole of the heating season in drier ground.

The consistent source temperature can mean that ground source heat pumps are slightly more efficient than air source heat pumps, mainly due to the fact the ground temperature will be higher than the average air temperature during the heating season, when underfloor heating and radiators will be used more often.

How much electricity will my heat pump use?

Given the variable nature of the efficiency of a heat pump, in order to determine how much electricity a heat pump uses will depend on two main factors – how much heat the home needs, and what the actual heat pump efficiency is.

Let’s say your home uses 12000kWh of heat energy per year. If the heat pump ran at a COP of 4 then you would use 3000kWh of electricity. But if the efficiency COP was closer to 2, then you would use 6000kWh of electricity.

You might then think that you simply multiply the amount of electricity by the unit price, but that is too simple an equation.

The exact amount of electricity used will depend a lot on when the heat pump runs the most. The lions’ share of the annual energy use will be in the heating season (mainly winter), and you may also have different electricity costs at different times, especially if you have an electric vehicle tariff or special heat pump tariff.

Although you will want to run your heat pump during the cheaper off-peak times, it is inevitable that it will also need to run during the more expensive peak times. On average your heat pump may have a COP of 3, meaning that you will use around 4000kWh of electricity per year to produce 12000kWh of heat.

If we assume that 50% (and that is an optimistic estimate) of the energy is used during off-peak times, then 2000kWh will be charged at around 8p (£160/year) and 2000kWh at 28p (£560/year).

That’s a total of £720/year. But, if you only use 25% of the energy in the cheap time, then your cost rises to £920.

Please also note that these cost scenarios are based on an average COP of 3 and 12000kWh per year for heating energy, and do not include standing charges or any other electricity use in the home such as car charging, lighting, laundry, cooking or any other appliances. Different rates may also apply to different tariffs from different providers.

In summary, if you are looking at ways to make sure your heat pump uses electricity effectively, you need to specifically manage the use of the energy, and try to target the energy use at cheap tariff times.

Solar PV panels and solar battery systems used with heat pumps can also help reduce electricity costs, by generating electricity that your heat pump can use. And finally, do not turn the heat pump off, make sure that you stay on top of heat pump maintenance with an annual service, and undertake regular checks on the performance and balancing of your central heating system.

With the cost of living rocketing, not least of all as a result of rising energy bills, I have been intrigued, as have many of us, by the idea of living in a home with no energy bills.

So, when I was given the chance to visit an Octopus Energy Zero Bills home I leapt at the opportunity – particularly as it wasn't just one home, it was 89 of them.

I don’t really know what I was expecting from the visit. Zero bills just sounded too good to be true but, on the other hand, I also know from experience that Octopus Energy have had previous successes in this arena with some innovative software. I wanted the concept to work, as after all, who wouldn't want a zero bills home?

What's different about these zero bills homes?

In the past few years there have been many house building standards introduced to improve the fabric of the building, with the overall aim of reducing the energy consumption of the home.

Whereas the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is the assessment method used for current building regulations, and is key to producing Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs), it will inevitably be replaced in the near future by Home Energy Modelling (HEM) with the full adoption of the Future Homes standard.

Other assessment methodologies, such the Code for Sustainable homes, Super E, Carbonlite, BREEAM and PassivHaus have been created by various organisations to try and improve on SAP and deliver energy efficient homes to as close to net-zero carbon emissions as possible.

However, all of these standards are able to deliver homes to a very high performance specification, but none of them guarantee zero bills for the homeowner.

Octopus Energy's Zero Bills homes on the other hand, are built on the offering that if you follow the specification, fit the prescribed technologies to your home, and hand the control over to Octopus Energy to manage, then they will guarantee you have no energy bills for up to 10 years.

And, while zero bills homes have predominantly been deployed through developers, (over 5000 homes are already approved as eligible for zero bills), self-builders who are undertaking one-off new build homes, can also join the scheme.

Octopus Energy have set a target to have 100,000 zero bills homes by 2030, so there is still time to get involved. Early engagement is key to make sure that you specify the right products, as not all PV, battery systems and heat pumps are compatible.

So what’s the catch I hear you ask. Well, there isn’t one, but, there are some rules. Clearly you cannot heat up your neighbour's house, or charge every electric car in the street for other people, but that doesn't mean they don't come with some impressive renewable energy tech.

What's included in these zero bills home?

The site I visited, Hollymead Square, is a development site being developed by The Hill group in Newport, Essex, and has 89 mixed-tenure energy efficient 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 bedroom homes, as well as 2-bed bungalows.

All of the zero bills properties have all been installed with photovoltaic solar panels, solar battery storage, electric vehicle charger and an air source heat pump. It's definitely a high-end development, and one of the better sites I have visited.

The rooms in the homes are large and there is a great sense of space in every home I visited. Wet underfloor heating is standard on the ground floor, with radiators upstairs, all designed for the low temperature heat pump systems.

The developers have said that the home insulation level is above current building regulations, with predicted SAP being 113/100 depending on the house type and specification. This compares very favourably against an average SAP of around 85/100 for new homes in the UK, and equates to an A-rating EPC.

The homes also have a SAP CO2 reduction of around 105%, compared with homes built to building regulations Part-L 2021. These particular homes were designed in the early days of the zero bills concept, and have a 5-year zero bill guarantee.

Hannah McCarthy, head of zero bills at Octopus Energy, has also said that she sees no reason why this 5-year tariff, or the newer specification 10-year guarantee, could not be continued after the guaranteed time period has passed.

What are the requirements for these homes to be classified as zero bills?

I was still curious about the zero bills claim and how that worked, wondering if there was some sort of formula that would require a whole field of solar panels and a large room full of solar batteries.

Thankfully, this isn't the case. The process of assessment for an Octopus Energy Zero Bills home involves an individual assessment, taking into account a variety of details, including roof analysis, SAP assessment, orientation and occupancy.

Looking at an average home on this site of around 150m2 floor area, it had between 8kWp to 10kWp of solar PV panels (around 20 to 24 panels), a minimum of 13kW of battery storage, an electric vehicle charger and an air source heat pump designed and commissioned to cover the full heat load of the home.

The annual energy use of the home must equal the annual ‘generation’ from the PV panels over a whole year, and there is an additional fair use allowance of 4000 kWh (units of electricity) per year.

Putting that into perspective, a new build home would be expected to use between 8000kWh and 10000kWh per year. Considering that an 8kWp (south facing) solar PV array should also generate up to around 8000kWh per year then the additional 4000kWh makes the scheme very appealing, and it is also quite clear that there is no apparent ‘catch’.

You would normally expect to generate far more energy in summer and use far more in winter, but as the energy use is based on a whole year, these two can balance out.

What are the advantages of these zero bill homes?

One of the key lifestyle advantages of these Octopus Energy Zero Bills homes is that the homeowner can use energy at any time of day. They can put the tumble dryer on and cook meals whenever they want, as they are not limited to using certain tariffs at different times.

There is no time management required, no need to programme appliances to operate at midnight, and no limitation on the heating during the day in winter. There is also no standing charge, which saves a further 65p a day.

Unfortunately, electric vehicle charging is not included in the scheme. This is charged at the intelligent Octopus Energy rate, but this means you can still benefit from cheaper charging at the off-peak night time tariff.

Homeowners can also leave the scheme if they choose to manage the technologies themselves, there is no tie in and no commitment. The only condition being that you can't leave the scheme every summer to enjoy export tariffs when the sun is shining, and rejoin it in winter.

If things go to plan, it would be nice to think zero bills could be the way we all live in the future.

While we may not be quite at the stage where I say yes, you can turn any home into a zero bills home, in an ideal world, my kids will come to me when they are older and say, “Hey Dad! Remember those days when you used to moan about those things called electricity bills?” And I will say, “Yes, son! They’re a bit like telephones, DVDs and petrol stations….. nobody uses them anymore!”

Octopus Energy has claimed that heat pumps are now cheaper to run than gas boilers, backed by new data from thousands of UK homes.

The company’s newly launched performance dashboard suggests many households could save around £200 a year by switching.

But while the figures point to growing momentum behind low-carbon heating, wider evidence shows the reality may depend heavily on the home, tariff, and system design.

What Octopus is claiming

Octopus Energy says its new Cosy Heat Pump Fleet Performance Dashboard provides “real-world” evidence that heat pumps are already beating gas boilers on cost.

The tool aggregates anonymised data from thousands of systems installed across Britain, offering live insights into efficiency and running costs.

According to the company’s data, around 80% of its Cosy Octopus heat pump customers paid less to heat their homes than they would with a gas boiler over the past year.

Customers on its dedicated tariff reportedly saved an average of £219 per year, while the systems delivered over 4 units of heat for every unit of electricity used (COP ~4.1), far higher than the roughly 85% efficiency of a typical gas boiler.

Octopus Energy CEO Greg Jackson said the data shows heat pumps can “beat the boiler in efficiency” and reduce bills, adding that the dashboard is intended to demonstrate this “in perpetuity” using real household data.

What other data suggests

While heat pumps are widely recognised as more efficient than gas boilers, the cost comparison is less clear-cut across the wider market.

Independent sources, including the Energy Saving Trust, show that the cost of running a heat pump versus a gas boiler still varies widely and isn’t guaranteed to be cheaper in every household.

The Energy Saving Trust notes that electricity in the UK typically costs around four times more per unit than gas, which can erode some of the efficiency advantage of heat pumps - especially on standard tariffs.

Based on recent estimates, a typical air‑source heat pump in an average three‑bedroom semi might cost £900–£1,200 a year to run, compared with £1,400–£1,800 for a conventional gas boiler when using standard energy prices; this suggests savings can arise in some cases, but are not automatic.

The same Energy Saving Trust guidance also emphasises that whether a heat pump delivers lower bills depends on several factors, including how well‑insulated the home is, whether the system is properly designed and controlled, and the tariff being used. They point out that heat pumps generally cost slightly more to run than new gas and oil boilers on typical electricity prices, even though they are more efficient overall.

Independent comparisons also show that using specialist electricity tariffs - similar to those promoted by Octopus, can make heat pumps significantly cheaper to operate, tipping the balance in their favour. These findings underline that running cost outcomes depend heavily on electricity price, tariff structure, energy efficiency of the home, and heat pump performance, rather than heat pumps inherently costing less in all circumstances.

The verdict: It depends

Octopus Energy’s data adds to growing evidence that heat pumps can be cheaper to run in the right conditions, particularly in well-insulated homes using optimised tariffs.

However, the broader picture suggests costs still vary widely from home to home. Factors such as insulation, installation quality, heating system design, and energy tariffs all play a major role in determining whether savings are realised.

So if you're still deciding whether heat pumps are worth it, you now know heat pumps may now be cheaper than gas in some cases, but not all, and careful design and specification remain key.

British Gas has been forced to withdraw a social media advert promoting heat pumps after regulators ruled the potential savings claim was misleading.

The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) said the advert suggested households could cut their energy bills by up to £546, but evidence showed only a minority of customers achieved that level of saving.

The watchdog concluded the promotion failed to include important information explaining how the figure was calculated and ordered them to take it down.

What the advert said

The advert, which appeared on multiple social media platforms in May 2025, featured a person standing next to a heat pump with text over the image stating: “Go greener and lower your bills. Save up to £546 with a heat pump and our exclusive tariff.”

Additional wording encouraged households to “Switch to a heat pump and start saving with British Gas.” The caption underneath added: “Upgrade to a low-carbon heat pump, and you could save up to £546. Savings based on year 1. T&Cs apply.”

British Gas said the figure came from modelling that estimated potential energy bill savings for a customer replacing an end-of-life gas boiler with an air-source heat pump and signing up to the company’s dedicated heat pump tariff.

What the watchdog found

The ASA investigated whether the £546 saving claim could be supported and whether the advert left out key details.

According to the regulator, modelling provided by British Gas showed only 34% of 194 customers achieved the advertised saving, while some households were expected to see their bills increase after switching.

The watchdog also said the advert did not clearly explain the assumptions used to calculate the savings, including factors such as household energy use, boiler efficiency and the cost of switching from gas to a heat pump.

Because this information was not included, the ASA concluded the advert omitted material information and exaggerated the likelihood of achieving the advertised saving, breaching advertising rules on misleading claims and substantiation.

British Gas response

British Gas said the £546 figure was presented as an “up to” saving because it believed a significant proportion of consumers could achieve that level of benefit. The company also argued that space limitations in the advert meant it could not include full details explaining the calculation.

However, the ASA rejected this argument and ruled that the advert must not appear again in the form investigated. The regulator also told the company to ensure future savings claims are backed by clear evidence and accompanied by sufficient information so consumers can properly understand how the figures are calculated.

A spokesperson for British Gas said the company was disappointed with the decision but would continue helping customers make informed choices about low-carbon heating options.

UK heat pump sales reached a record high in 2025, with more than 125,000 units sold, marking another year of strong growth for the low-carbon heating sector.

New figures from the Heat Pump Association (HPA) show the market grew by 27% year on year, with more than a third of units now manufactured in the UK.

However, analysis of the data suggests that at the current pace, only around one in 20 UK homes will have a heat pump installed by 2030, with calls growing for the government to press ahead with long-awaited building standards and energy policies.

Record sales, but a long road ahead for homes

HPA data shows 125,037 heat pumps were sold in the UK in 2025, including more than 110,000 hydronic systems, as all major heat pump technologies recorded growth.

Air-source heat pump sales rose by 26%, ground- and water-source heat pumps by 32%, and domestic hot water heat pumps by 36% compared to 2024.

Despite the record year, the rate of growth slowed compared with the 56% surge seen in 2024. If annual sales continue to grow at around the current rate, the UK is on track to install roughly 1.5 million additional heat pumps between now and 2030, equivalent to around 5% of the UK’s 28 million homes.

Falling short of the Government’s 2030 target

The Government’s Warm Homes Plan sets an ambition of installing 450,000 heat pumps per year by 2030, a level that industry analysis suggests requires sustained annual growth of around 33%.

Current trends fall short of that trajectory, leaving annual installations closer to 400,000 by the end of the decade unless growth accelerates.

The gap matters because heat pumps are central to decarbonising home heating and reducing reliance on imported gas.

HPA analysis estimates that aligning deployment with the Carbon Budget Growth and Delivery Plan could add £14 billion to UK gross value added this decade and cut gas imports by up to 62% by 2035.

How growth could accelerate

Industry leaders say stronger policy signals are now needed to turn steady growth into mass adoption.

Charlotte Lee, Chief Executive of HPA UK, said heat pumps remain “a pivotal technology to decarbonise heat in the UK” but warned that momentum must be maintained to meet Government targets.

She called for the urgent publication of the Future Homes Standard and reforms to rebalance electricity and gas prices, adding that both are needed to “unlock the main barriers to accelerate heat pump deployment”.

Paul Kenny, Director General of the European Heat Pump Association, echoed those concerns, arguing that while the Warm Homes Plan provides a strong framework, the UK must address the tax imbalance between electricity and gas to ensure heat pumps are the most cost-effective choice for households.

Although heat pumps are still considered a relatively new form of heating, early adopters of air source heat pumps may now find themselves in the position of needing to upgrade it. Or, perhaps you are simply wondering what's involved when you need to upgrade yours in the future.

Most homeowners are fully aware that gas and oil boilers do not last forever and that from time to time it is inevitable that the boiler will need to be replaced. It's the same with heat pumps, but at the same time as replacing or upgrading the unit, you may also need to make additional changes.

From the cost implications to dealing with regulatory issues, heating expert, David Hilton, explains just what's involved when you upgrade a heat pump

What are the costs involved with upgrading a heat pump?

Unlike new heat pump costs, a replacement heat pump is not usually eligible for the Boiler Upgrade Scheme payment. Both the heat pump and installation costs will need to be covered by the homeowner, and as such some homeowners do opt to go back to a boiler system due to the cost involved.

That said, if (and it is a big if) the original heat pump was correctly designed and installed well then there should be very little that needs changing in the system, other than the heat pump unit itself and a small amount of wiring to connect the controls. The cost should therefore be a lot less than an initial heat pump installation.

However, if the original heat pump system was not installed correctly, the emitters (radiators and underfloor heating) were not sized, specified and installed correctly, and the pipework is not large enough, then the costs could be very much in line with the cost of an initial installation and conversion, which may not be a viable solution.

Planning and building regulations requirements

What you may not realise, is that just because you have already got a heat pump it does not mean you can automatically replace it, even if it seems to be like for like.

Heat pumps in many cases get get installed under Permitted Development Rights (PDR), meaning that if you tick all of the conditions required for installation then you do not need to apply for full planning permission.

However, this also means that if your original heat pump was installed under PDR, then any replacement heat pump must comply with up to date permitted development details.

The notable issue here relates to the sound assessment requirements. Sound assessments look at the proximity of an air source heat pump to the 'assessment position'. This is defined as one metre outside the centre of a window of a habitable room on a neighbouring property.

The sound assessment methodology changed in May 2025 which will mean it will have to be recalculated when you upgrade to a new heat pump. This could subsequently affect the outcome of an upgrade meeting PDR.

If any physical changes have taken place during the time that the heat pump has been in situ, then this can also impact the feasibility of replacing the unit. For example, if the neighbours have built an extension, new dwelling or annexe, that is now closer to the heat pump than the previous habitable room was at the time of installation, then that could be a hurdle.

The rules around barriers between the heat pump and the assessment position have also changed so that the fence between the home and the neighbouring property needs to be at least as high, and as robust, as the time when the heat pump was installed, possibly even more so.

All domestic hot water storage systems must also be compliant with Part G of the building regulations. Since 2010 that includes both vented and unvented systems (that’s gravity feed (low pressure) and mains (high pressure) systems to the non-technical reader). Your new heat pump installation must therefore be installed and be certificated by a competent person as compliant with these regulations.

Options when upgrading a heat pump

Heat pumps have certainly evolved in the last 15 years which means there are now more efficient models that are far more intuitive to your home and heating needs. This means if you're upgrading an older model there are improved versions to choose from.

But how does this look in operational terms?

Back in 2010 most heat pumps had a fixed speed compressor. This meant that the unit would only produce a fixed amount of heat. The heat pump was either on (at full capacity), or it was off. There was no in-between and the only way to prevent the heat pump stopping and starting in short cycles was to fit a large cylinder to the central heating system to store energy.

Modulating compressors (also known as inverter compressors) were soon introduced and now most, if not all, air source heat pumps have modulating compressors which allow the heat pump to deliver a range of outputs.

The heat pump tries to match the heat load of the home and modulates up and down depending on the demand and therefore does not need a large cylinder, often needing no cylinder at all.

The refrigerants have also changed over the years to comply with Global Warming Potential (GWP) rules. The latest refrigerants, such as R290 (which is actually refrigerant quality Propane) can achieve higher temperatures than most of the previous refrigerants that were used in domestic heat pumps.

Higher temperatures are less efficient than lower temperatures in a heat pump, but because the heat pump modulates it will only operate at higher temperatures when the demand requires it. So in other words, the colder the air temperature is outside, the warmer the heat pump flow temperature will be.

Many heat pumps also now have a full online monitoring capability. The manufacturer or the installer can remotely access the operating data from the heat pump and in the event of an error, or breakdown, the data can often provide a diagnosis of the issue which may negate the need for a visit from an engineer, but also allows the engineer to come prepared if the visit is required.

The data can be analysed by the engineer to interpret running patterns and they can make suggestions to optimise the operation of the heat pump. If certain rooms are triggering the heating system then this becomes very important information when readjusting the system for optimised efficiency.

The reality is that installing a replacement heat pump is not as simple as replacing a boiler. Many of the calculations need to be redone, and any regulatory or physical changes must be accounted for. The good news is that the answer to how long does a heat pump last is that you should get between 20 - 25 years of use before it does it need upgrading.

When choosing a new model, make sure you get a few quotes from reputable installers as they will be fully versed with the industry updates, and also should be able to advise you of any work that is required to optimise the heat pump as part of the quoting process.

Heat pumps work ‘low and slow’ and boilers work ‘hard and fast’ so the system must always be designed and operated with this in mind. More advanced heat pumps should be easier to optimise and monitor for maximum efficiency, making the decision to upgrade your heat pump one that will reap rewards in the long run.

Heat pumps installed in UK homes are cutting energy bills by more than £200 a year when they are properly designed and set up, according to a major new study.

Researchers analysing real-world data from hundreds of households found the systems are performing far better than earlier trials suggested, delivering lower costs, higher comfort, and reduced carbon emissions.

The findings challenge lingering doubts about whether heat pumps can work efficiently in Britain’s existing housing stock.

What the study found

The research, led by the University of Oxford and published in Energy and Buildings, analysed real-world data from hundreds of UK households using ground and air-source heat pumps.

The data was voluntarily shared by homeowners through the online platform HeatpumpMonitor.org, covering a wide range of housing types, ages, and heat pump models.

Unlike earlier government-backed trials that reported relatively poor performance, these real-life systems achieved efficiency levels nearly 40% higher.

As a result, households with well-optimised heat pumps were found to be saving, on average, around £224 per year compared with heating the same homes using gas boilers. The study also showed improved comfort and a much smaller carbon footprint.

How heat pumps achieved these savings

The key factor behind the improved performance was quality installation and setup. Researchers found that the most efficient systems were properly sized for the home, rather than oversized, and ran continuously at lower temperatures instead of switching on and off in short bursts.

Efficient systems typically operated with radiator temperatures of 35°C to 40°C, far lower than the 50°C to 60°C used by gas boilers.

Lower temperatures allow heat pumps to extract and deliver heat more smoothly, using much less electricity per unit of heat produced. Correct calibration of controls ensured homes stayed warm while avoiding unnecessary energy use.

How the £200 saving was calculated

The annual saving figure was calculated by comparing the actual electricity costs of running a well-performing heat pump with the estimated gas costs of heating the same home using a modern gas boiler.

Researchers used real energy consumption data from households and applied current UK gas and electricity prices to both scenarios.

Because the studied heat pumps delivered much more heat per unit of electricity than expected, their running costs were lower than those of gas boilers despite higher electricity prices.

On average, this resulted in a saving of £224 per household per year, assuming similar comfort levels. The study emphasises that these savings depend on good installation, proper system design and user guidance.

UK households are being urged to take immediate action after the Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) expanded its recall of heat pump tumble dryers.

Around 85,000 machines remain at risk of internal short circuits, which can cause fires during normal use. The appliances, manufactured by Haier and sold under multiple brands including Candy, Baumatic, Caple, Hoover, Iberna, Lamona, and Montpellier, must not be used until repaired.

This follows an earlier August 2025 recall affecting 17,000 dryers that had been modified but were still unsafe.

Expanded recall after initial fix fails

Earlier this year, the safety watchdog ordered a product recall for 17,000 heat pump tumble dryers and ordered a safety modification to be performed, but this has been said to be a failure.

This has prompted the OPSS to halt Haier’s repair programme as they were deemed "inadequate".

Investigations revealed that even dryers previously repaired could still overheat and pose a fire risk. Following further testing and approval of an updated safety fix, Haier resumed its corrective programme.

The latest warning now focuses on 85,000 machines that have not yet been repaired, while also revisiting dryers that received the ineffective first fix. OPSS says it is working closely with Haier to ensure all affected households are identified and contacted promptly.

Brands and models affected

The recall covers dryers manufactured by Haier and sold under eight brands: Baumatic, Candy, Caple, Hoover, Haier, Iberna, Lamona, and Montpellier.

OPSS has published a full list of model numbers and serial numbers online. Consumers are advised to check their appliances carefully before using them again.

The risk comes from an internal short circuit during normal operation, which can cause the machine to overheat and ignite even when left unattended.

What homeowners must do to stay safe

Owners of affected dryers are instructed to stop using the appliance immediately and unplug it if safely accessible. They should check their model and serial number online and contact Haier to arrange the updated repair.

Haier said: “Customer safety is our top priority. We are working closely with the OPSS to ensure all affected machines are repaired promptly.”

The regulator reinforced the urgency: “Owners of affected dryers must stop using their appliances immediately. The risk of fire is real, and these precautions are necessary to prevent potential harm.”

The recall highlights the challenge of ensuring household appliance safety while maintaining energy efficiency as heat pump dryers become more common.

Over the past few years heat pumps have become ever more popular as a home heating solution. But, despite the Boiler Upgrade Scheme incentive, they are still more expensive to install than gas boilers.

This means, when it comes to deciding if you want to choose an air source heat pump for your self build or renovation, most of us want to know just what its lifespan is in order to understand how long your investment will cover you for.

in this article, energy expert, David Hilton explains how to the potential life of a heat pump is calculated, so you can understand what might be the outcome when you choose one to heat your home.

How long do heat pumps last?

To determine how long a heat pump runs we use what is referred to as FLEQ hours. This stands for the 'Full Load Equivalent', which is the number of hours that the heat pump runs per year, based on its full load.

Breaking it down, this means if a heat pump was running at half capacity for 2 hours that would be deemed as 1 hour of FLEQ.

With a correctly sized heat pump installed in your home, the average number of FLEQ hours per year is 1800 hours for space heating, and then another 600 hours for hot water. If you run it within these parameters, and have regular annual services, then in general, you can expect the heat pump to last between 20 and 25 years.

Although there is a caveat to this. How long a heat pump lasts can also be influenced by the type of refrigerant compressor in your heat pump. Why? This is the hardest working component of a heat pump, and not all compressors are the same.

There are a number of different types of compressors, each with different qualities. The most common types of compressors used in heat pumps are either scroll compressors, rotary compressors or reciprocating compressors. Scroll compressors are often considered the better compressors for heat pumps as they have less moving parts and are often more efficient than the others. They are however more expensive.

A good compressor usually has a 10 year warranty, but, once again, there are some specific details that influence the effective life of a compressor.

The compressor is happy to run steadily, but what stresses and wears it is start-ups. So, even if you are within the FLEQ hours tolerance, if the compressor has many short start – stop cycles then the life expectancy of your heat pump will be less.

You can think of it a bit like a car. If you do many long distance journeys, then you will find that the car will potentially do more miles in its lifetime than a vehicle that is only used for frequent short trips.

Heat pump vs boiler life span

In the past, most of us will have had different types of boiler in our homes (mainly gas or oil), and when it needed replacing the calculations were a bit simpler. It was common knowledge that better quality boilers would cost a bit more, but last a bit longer, and we would find the happy medium between cost and quality to suit our home and budget.

That said, there are still differing anecdotes as to how long they last.

Some industry bodies claim that a condensing boiler will only last an average of seven years. Personally, I think you would be unlucky if that were the case. However, as with a heat pump, the life expectancy of a boiler is dependent on a number of things so the point at which you need to replace a boiler may differ.

If the boiler works a lot harder in a busy home, then it may not last as long as a boiler in a home with lower occupancy and / or lower heat loss, and better controls.

Marine environments are also detrimental to boilers as the sea air will be more corrosive to the heat exchanger. A good annual service is also critical to keep a boiler in optimal condition and prolong its useful life.

With all these things taken into account, I would say that a well maintained condensing boiler should last around 10 to 15 years depending on work load. Although there may be some differences depending on if it is an open vent (with gravity tanks in the loft) system, or unvented system. These different types of boilers are built differently and can also perform differently.

Improving the life span of a heat pump

As with a boiler, a heat pump also regular maintenance and servicing to optimise efficiency. It's also important that you operate them in the correct way.

Heat pumps like to run steadily. They prefer delivering heat ‘low and slow’ rather than ‘hot and fast’ like a boiler, but as a heat pump has more working parts than a boiler, and air source heat pump installation takes place outside the home, there are an additional few things that influence its useful life expectancy.

All external pipework, wiring and equipment needs to be protected from the elements, so it is important to make sure that any insulation is intact and that there are no leaks or corrosion.

Poor maintenance can lead to air or moisture getting into the system. Excess heat loss from the pipework, or the heat pump having to work far harder than it needs to, can also result in poor performance and excessive running costs. If the heat pump works hard, and is not maintained, then it may not last as long as expected.

When all things are considered, a heat pump should last longer than a boiler, and even though a heat pump costs more to install, as they become more mainstream the higher volumes will inevitably also bring more competition, and more competitive prices.

Of course, when it comes to replacing your heat pump, you also won't be installing it again from scratch which will make it a more comparable exercise to replacing a boiler with a like-for-like system.

Always start your heat pump journey by informing yourself with as much knowledge as you can about this type of heating system. Start with our easy 5 point checklist to see if your home is suitable for a heat pump, and make sure you understand the difference between low, medium and high temperature heat pumps to establish which one is best for your home.

One of the UK’s first real-world trials of all-electric new builds has found that homes fitted with air-source heat pumps and solar panels are using dramatically less electricity than expected.

The homes recorded annual energy use between 40% and 67% lower than the UK average, with peak demand also coming in far below predicted levels.

Researchers say the findings challenge long-standing concerns that heat pumps would overwhelm the grid as Britain phases out gas boilers.

What the study revealed

The research took place at Project 80, a Birmingham social housing development designed to test the principles of the Future Homes Standard.

Seven all-electric homes were monitored for a full year by Birmingham City University. The team found that electricity demand during peak periods was significantly below predicted values, suggesting modelling has been overestimating how much power new electric homes will need.

Dr Mónica Mateo-Garcia, the academic lead on the project, said: “The average peak electricity demand per property was lower than we would expect.” She added that the analysis of carbon savings is still being finalised.

Professor Richard Fitton of the University of Salford, who was not involved in the study, praised the research as “a sterling bit of work” and said: “We currently seem to be overpredicting how much power we need in new-build housing.”

Why heat pumps performed better than predicted

Each home used an air-source heat pump for heating and hot water, alongside high levels of insulation and solar panels. The varied patterns of electricity use across households helped reduce simultaneous peak demand – a key factor in keeping pressure off the grid.

Some homes also used less electricity for heating and hot water than expected when compared with Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) estimates, highlighting known issues with EPC accuracy.

Professor Aaron Gillich of London South Bank University said the findings support wider roll-out of heat pumps: “We’re finding that all those reasons not to go ahead with a heat pump are slowly but surely falling away.”

What residents experienced

Residents reported much warmer and drier homes than their previous properties. Dr Mateo-Garcia said: “They were really, really happy to be in those homes. They said: ‘We haven’t seen any damp and mould.’”

An earlier interim report also documented a case where a family that had experienced recurring asthma in past accommodation “had not experienced those symptoms” since moving into a Project 80 home.

The study also uncovered instances of residents inadvertently using their systems inefficiently, such as manually switching on heat emitters or turning off heat pumps entirely and relying on fan heaters.

The report did state: "More needs to be done to help residents understand heat pumps, ventilation and building performance… to optimise efficiency.”

What this means for future homes

The findings lend support to the incoming Future Homes Standard, due in 2027, which will require new homes to include heat pumps and solar panels.

Experts say the evidence from Project 80 shows that real-world electric heating demand is lower and more varied than assumed in current planning models.

Midland Heart, the housing association behind the project, is now exploring adding battery storage to future developments and has plans for a new 95-home scheme based on the same principles.

Homeowners can now claim £2,500 towards the cost of installing air-to-air heat pumps – systems that cool in summer and heat in winter – under changes to the government’s Boiler Upgrade Scheme.

The expansion, announced this week, brings air-conditioning-style units into a scheme previously limited to traditional air- and ground-source heat pumps.

Heat batteries are also being added, widening the range of technologies eligible for financial support.

What’s changing in the Boiler Upgrade Scheme?

The updated Boiler Upgrade Scheme gives households the option to install air-to-air heat pumps, which work similarly to air-conditioning units but can run in reverse to provide heating.

These systems do not heat water and instead distribute warm or cool air through blowers, making them suitable for smaller homes, flats and properties without wet radiator systems, which means they can be a practical option where full central-heating retrofits are difficult.

Alongside this, heat batteries, which store electricity as heat for use later in the day, become eligible for the same £2,500 discount. These additions sit alongside existing grants of up to £7,500 for air-source and ground-source heat pumps. The government says the changes aim to give homeowners more choice in how they switch to low-carbon heating.

Energy Consumers Minister Martin McCluskey said air-to-air heat pumps “offer the best of both worlds – keeping you warm in winter while cooling you down when summer comes along,” adding that the expansion is intended to “make sure as many people as possible can benefit, especially those in flats or small homes without central heating.”

Industry figures welcome the expansion

The Heat Pump Association welcomed the announcement, with its chief executive Charlotte Lee saying the wider eligibility “is an important step in offering consumers more choice,” and that continued funding will be key to supporting “jobs and long-term investment” in the UK supply chain.

Nesta’s deputy director Andrew Sissons described air-to-air systems as “an efficient option for many homes,” arguing that support for cooling as well as heating is increasingly important “as we’re faced with a warming climate.”

Mark Smale, Head of Renewables at Bradfords Building Supplies, said the decision could accelerate practical uptake: “It is great news that the government has decided to expand the Boiler Upgrade Scheme to include air-to-air heat pumps and heat batteries. Air-to-air heat pumps are not only more cost effective for households, they are also highly adaptable and importantly familiar, using the same technology as air conditioning.”

He added that giving homeowners genuine choice “sends a powerful signal which will hopefully drive widespread adoption of low-carbon heating solutions.”

The Apprentice's Dean Franklin, who owns an air conditioning company, also previously called for the inclusion of air-to-air heat pumps in the scheme, stating: “If they’re giving grants for one type of heat pump and heating and cooling system, why not the other?”

What homeowners should know

Air-to-air systems may appeal to households that want cooling during summer or those who cannot install radiators or underfloor heating.

The Boiler Upgrade Scheme still requires installations to be carried out by MCS-certified installers, and applications continue to be submitted by the installer on the homeowner’s behalf. It also sets out the scheme’s EPC requirements and recent rule changes that removed earlier insulation conditions.

For comparison, air-to-water heat pumps are more difficult to install and more expensive than air-to-air heat pumps, but they do provide hot water and are better suited to larger properties.

The government has also launched a consultation on additional heating options such as infrared panels, renewable liquid fuels and other innovative systems, signalling further possible changes to the landscape of home-energy upgrades.

The future of Britain’s green home revolution could hinge on one thing – the price of electricity.

A new report from Mitsubishi Electric warns that unless power costs are reduced, millions of homeowners will be unable or unwilling to make the switch from gas boilers to low-carbon air source heat pumps.

Despite growing public concern about climate change and strong interest in greener heating, electricity remains far more expensive than gas, creating a financial barrier that could derail the country’s net-zero ambitions.

Experts say rebalancing energy prices is now essential to make clean heating affordable for everyone.

Homeowners want to go green — but can’t afford it

Public interest in cleaner heating is strong, as shown in a report.

According to Mitsubishi Electric’s Heat Pumps: Accelerating the Switch report, more than a third of UK homeowners would consider installing a heat pump if electricity were cheaper than gas. Yet only 6% currently use one, despite 80% saying they care about the environment.

“If I could run a heat pump for the same cost as gas, I’d make the change tomorrow,” said Amanda Lewis, a homeowner from Manchester. “But electricity is just too expensive - it feels like you’re being punished for going green.”

The energy pricing problem

The issue lies in how energy is taxed and priced. Electricity carries far higher environmental levies than gas - around £140 a year for the average household.

That means even though heat pumps are typically three times more efficient than gas boilers, they can still cost more to run.

“Public willingness to cut emissions risks being outweighed by the reality of energy bills,” said Russell Dean, deputy divisional manager at Mitsubishi Electric. “If we want people to switch, electricity pricing must be rebalanced.”

Mitsubishi Electric’s modelling suggests that a modest 7% drop in electricity prices could trigger a 9% increase in annual heat pump installations, showing how sensitive adoption is to running costs.

Calls for reform to unlock the switch

The company is calling on the government to decouple electricity prices from gas markets, remove green levies from electricity bills, and expand support schemes like the Boiler Upgrade Scheme.

These measures, it says, would help the UK meet its target of 600,000 heat pump installations per year by 2028.

“The technology is ready and installers are trained,” said George Clarke, architect and Mitsubishi Electric Ecodan Ambassador. “But until electricity prices come down, most people won’t take the plunge. The system currently rewards carbon, not sustainability – and that has to change.”

With 93% of heating engineers now qualified to fit heat pumps, industry experts agree the UK is technically ready for the switch. The only thing holding it back is the cost of keeping the lights – and the heat - on.

The government’s flagship Boiler Upgrade Scheme, which offers grants of up to £7,500 for homeowners to install heat pumps, is under review.

Treasury officials are exploring ways to ease pressure on energy bills, and funding for low-carbon heating may be one of the areas affected.

The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero insists there are no plans to end the scheme, but industry insiders warn that changes could still be coming.

How the Boiler Upgrade Scheme currently works?

The Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) gives property owners in England and Wales grants of up to £7,500 to install an air-source or ground-source heat pump, or £5,000 for a biomass boiler.

The scheme was created to help reduce emissions and cut long-term heating costs. Government records show it is due to run until December 2027 through the wider £13 billion Warm Homes Plan, which was announced earlier this year.

A spokesperson for the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero said in a recent statement: “There are no plans to end the Boiler Upgrade Scheme. We remain committed to supporting households to move to clean, affordable heating.”

Despite this assurance, officials accept that the Treasury’s review of energy levies could have knock-on effects on how the programme is funded.

Why the scheme may be under threat

Reports in the Telegraph suggest that Chancellor Rachel Reeves is under pressure to deliver savings of around £170 per household by reducing or repurposing green levies that fund retrofit schemes.

A senior Whitehall source quoted by the Telegraph said the Treasury wants the Energy Department to cover part of those savings but that “DESNZ have said no.”

Energy companies and environmental groups have voiced concern that such cuts would be short-sighted.

Keith Anderson, chief executive of Scottish Power, said this week that “every cost in the energy sector ends up on bills,” and warned against stripping funds from programmes that make homes cheaper to heat in the long run.

At the same time, Parliament’s Environment and Climate Change Committee has criticised the Boiler Upgrade Scheme for “failing to deliver” on its original targets. Uptake has been low, with many households citing high upfront costs even after grants are applied.

What can happen next?

If the Treasury decides to redirect some of the money currently used for green levies, the Boiler Upgrade Scheme could face changes in scope or scale.

The government might reduce the number of grants issued each year or narrow the eligibility criteria. Another possibility is that grant levels remain the same but fewer applications are approved.

Energy UK, which represents suppliers, said “it is vital this level of investment continues” and warned that any rollback could undermine Britain’s clean-heating goals.

Research earlier this year found that 75% of homeowners are unwilling to pay more than £5,000 for a heat pump, meaning that the current grant level is often the deciding factor in whether people switch.

For now, the scheme remains open and fully funded. But with the Budget approaching, both ministers and the industry accept that the balance between short-term bill cuts and long-term net-zero commitments is under review.

Men are more aware of and more interested in installing heat pumps than women, according to a UK survey.

The YouGov poll of over 7,000 adults examined public knowledge and attitudes towards low‑carbon heating systems designed to replace gas and oil boilers.

It also revealed that men are not just more aware, but more likely to discuss and actively plan for heat pumps in their homes, highlighting a notable gender gap in engagement.

Men more aware of heat pumps than women

Awareness of heat pumps is rising across the UK, but the survey found clear differences between men and women.

Among those without a heat pump, 93% of men reported having heard of the technology, compared with 86% of women.

Men were also more likely to have seen a heat pump in person – 60% versus 42% of women - suggesting that first-hand exposure plays a role in awareness and confidence.

The survey also highlighted gaps in understanding with 40% of women saying they had heard of heat pumps but did not know what they were, compared with 28% of men.

Men more likely to talk about heat pumps and seek advice

Men were slightly more likely to discuss heat pumps with friends, family, and neighbours.

Nearly one in four men (24%) said they had talked to someone about installing a heat pump, compared with 20% of women.

When asked who they would consult for advice on heating systems, women tended to turn to household members or family, while men were more likely to research independently.

Intentions to install and motivations

Slight differences also emerged in willingness to install heat pumps. Around 45% of men said they would consider installing one, slightly higher than 42% of women.

Motivations for adoption differed by gender:

• 34% of men cited lower energy bills as a key driver, whereas
• 31% of women highlighted sustainability and environmental benefits.

The findings suggest that men’s engagement is often cost-driven, while women are more motivated by environmental considerations.

Age and wider trends

Older homeowners remain more hesitant: 57% of those over 55 said they would not consider a heat pump, compared with 28% of 18–24-year-olds, citing cost and lack of trust in the technology.

Gender gaps also appeared across other green technologies as more men (14%) than women (10%) reported having received a quote for solar panels.

The results indicate that while awareness of heat pumps is generally high, adoption may be influenced by gender, age, and personal motivations, with men currently leading on awareness and conversation.

UK-made air source heat pumps are becoming an increasingly popular choice for homes across the country as production expands.

Government support and investment are helping British manufacturers grow and compete with imported brands.

Homegrown models are proving reliable and efficient, with more homeowners choosing them to cut energy use and heating costs.

With production expected to rise again next year, UK-made heat pumps are on track for even stronger growth.

Government support fuels domestic manufacturing

The UK government is backing domestic heat pump production through initiatives such as the Boiler Upgrade Scheme and the Heat Pump Investment Accelerator, which has already provided millions in funding to support UK manufacturers.

Energy Minister Martin McCluskey said the figures show “the clean power mission in action, with more British-made heat pumps being produced and installed each year.”

These measures are helping companies scale up production and strengthen local supply chains, positioning UK-made heat pumps as a key part of the nation’s clean energy strategy.

Leading brands driving the UK heat pump revolution

Several UK-based manufacturers are at the forefront of the heat pump industry:

• Ideal Heating: Based in Hull, Ideal Heating has expanded its portfolio to include air source heat pumps, such as the Ideal Logic Air R32, which boasts high efficiency and low noise levels.
• Kensa Heat Pumps: Operating out of Cornwall, Kensa specialises in ground source heat pumps and has been instrumental in advocating for renewable heating solutions in the UK.
• Grant UK: With a legacy in oil-fired heating systems, Grant has transitioned to producing air source heat pumps like the Aerona³ R32, known for their efficiency and reliability.
• NIBE: A Swedish company with a strong presence in the UK, NIBE manufactures air and ground source heat pumps, contributing to the UK's renewable energy goals.
• Worcester Bosch: Although part of a German group, Worcester Bosch operates manufacturing facilities in the UK and offers a range of heat pumps tailored for the British market.

These brands are not only contributing to the UK's renewable energy targets but are also creating skilled jobs and bolstering the local economy.

UK-made heat pumps future potential

Government support and industry investment are expected to drive significant expansion of UK-made heat pumps over the coming decade.

Domestic production will need to scale up to meet the government’s target of 600,000 heat pump installations annually by 2028, creating opportunities for homegrown sales and exports.

The Clean Energy Industries Sector Plan projects that by 2050, the heating and cooling sector could be worth £4.8 billion per year, with £900 million from exports, demonstrating the potential for UK-made heat pumps to dominate both domestic and international markets.

Continued policy support, clear regulation, and investment in local supply chains will be crucial to sustain this growth and ensure the UK maintains a leading position in global low-carbon heating.

Homeowners taking out a Lloyds mortgage can now get their heating upgraded for free.

The bank has partnered with Octopus Energy to cover the full cost of installing an air-source heat pump, the first time a UK lender has bundled such a green incentive into a mortgage.

The move marks a major step in how banks are helping Britain meet its climate goals, as government schemes struggle to spark enthusiasm for low-carbon heating.

A first for UK mortgages

From this week, Lloyds Bank customers who apply for a mortgage can also apply for a free heat pump installation, provided their home has a C or D-rated EPC.

The offer is part of a limited-time partnership with Octopus Energy and runs until November 24. Eligible borrowers must also qualify for the government’s Boiler Upgrade Scheme, which provides £7,500 towards the cost of installation.

While other lenders, including Barclays and Nationwide, have offered cashback or low-interest “green loans,” none have gone as far as to fully cover air-source heat pump costs, making this a genuine market first.

A push to revive Britain’s heat pump drive

Despite generous subsidies, heat pump installations have lagged behind government ambitions.

Britain has only around 19 heat pumps per 1,000 homes, far fewer heat pumps than many European nations, and ministers have already scaled back earlier pledges to install 600,000 units a year by 2028.

By linking the technology directly to home finance, Lloyds hopes to remove one of the biggest barriers, the upfront cost, while also gathering data on whether mortgage-linked incentives can speed up green retrofits.

What it means for homeowners and rivals

For eligible borrowers, the offer could save thousands of pounds on installation and lower their energy bills over time.

But analysts say the move also signals a shift in how Britain’s high street banks view their role in the net zero transition, from simply rewarding efficiency to actively funding it.

“This marks a turning point for mainstream lenders,” said Sarah Coles, head of personal finance at Hargreaves Lansdown. “Banks are starting to see home energy upgrades not just as environmental add-ons, but as a way to future-proof their loan books.”

Competitors are expected to watch closely. With rivals like Barclays, Santander and Nationwide already experimenting with smaller “green mortgage” perks, Lloyds’ partnership with Octopus Energy could set off a new phase in the race to make home finance more sustainable.

UK homes are breathing cleaner air thanks to heat pumps, according to new research from the European Heat Pump Association.

The report finds that replacing a gas boiler or wood stove with an air source heat pump can slash harmful pollutants by up to 99%, dramatically reducing the risk of respiratory illnesses.

Experts warn that accelerating heat pump adoption could protect health, cut pollution costs, and make homes safer for millions of families.

How heat pumps improve air quality in homes

The EHPA study highlights two major pollutants from home heating: nitrogen oxides (NOx), which worsen lung and heart conditions, and tiny particles (PM2.5), which penetrate deep into the lungs and increase disease risk.

Replacing a gas boiler with a heat pump can reduce NOx emissions by 75%, while switching from a wood burner can cut PM2.5 pollution by 99%.

Paul Kenny, director general of the EHPA, said: “Having a polluting heat source in your home harms you in the place you should be safest. Rolling out heat pumps faster, with a focus on supporting the poorest first, helps people’s wellbeing and sets them up for the future, which will inevitably be fossil-free.”

Health and household benefits

In the UK, around 23 million homes use gas boilers and nearly 2 million households have wood-burning stoves, which are major sources of indoor air pollution.

Particulate matter and nitrogen oxides from these heating sources contribute to asthma, lung disease, and other health problems.

Experts say widespread adoption of heat pumps could significantly reduce these risks and ease the strain on the NHS. Cleaner heating could also help families avoid costs linked to air pollution-related health issues.

Boosting heat pump adoption in the UK could save lives

Uptake of heat pumps remains slow. In 2024, fewer than 100,000 units were installed, compared to 1.5 million new gas boilers, highlighting a large gap.

Dr. Iain Staffell, energy systems researcher at Imperial College London, commented: “Heat pumps offer a triple win for UK households - they reduce harmful emissions, lower long-term energy costs, and make homes healthier. But adoption will only rise if the government improves incentives and ensures installation is affordable and straightforward.”

Experts recommend expanding air source heat pump grants, adjusting energy levies, and mandating heat pumps in new builds to accelerate uptake, protect health, and reduce pollution in homes across the country.

This year’s Heat Pump Week (29 September – 5 October) arrives at a pivotal moment for the UK’s energy future.

With gas boilers being phased out in the coming years and heating accounting for a significant share of household emissions, awareness has never been more important.

The campaign aims to give homeowners clear, accessible information on - cutting through confusion to highlight what heat pumps can really deliver.

What is Heat Pump Week?

Heat Pump Week is a national awareness campaign led by industry bodies, installers and experts to promote understanding of heat pump technology.

Its purpose is to make the technology less daunting by sharing real-life case studies, data and expert commentary that show how heat pumps perform in practice.

Running every year in late September and early October, the week provides a platform to discuss policy, highlight government targets, and encourage households to explore whether their homes are suitable.

In 2024, nearly 100,000 heat pumps were sold in the UK - a 60% increase on the previous year - yet adoption still falls short of what’s needed to hit net zero goals. Heat Pump Week is about building the awareness over heat pump myths and confidence required to close that gap.

1. Most UK homes are suitable

Heat pumps aren’t limited to new builds or highly insulated modern homes.

According to industry data, more than 90% of UK properties - from period Victorian terraces to 20th-century semis - can accommodate a system if properly designed and installed.

Advances in installation methods mean retrofitting is easier than ever, and new planning rules have simplified the approval process in many areas.

This makes heat pumps a realistic option for millions of households who may have previously assumed they weren’t eligible.

2. They keep working in freezing conditions

One of the most common doubts around heat pumps is whether they can cope with cold weather.

Modern systems are designed with British winters in mind, and Daikin data shows they continue operating efficiently even at temperatures as low as –25 °C.

This ensures consistent warmth, even during cold snaps, without the need for backup heating. For households worried about resilience, this is an important reassurance.

3. They’re quieter than you think

Noise is often raised as a concern, yet most modern heat pumps are quieter than everyday household appliances.

Outdoor units typically operate at around 60 decibels - roughly the volume of a normal conversation - while indoor units run at about 30 decibels, which is softer than a whisper.

Units are also designed to blend into residential environments, meaning they can be installed without disrupting daily life or neighbourhoods.

4. They can cut energy bills over time

While installation is an upfront investment, the running costs can be significantly lower than gas boilers.

On a heat pump tariff, a typical four-bedroom home could save up to £690 per year compared with gas, which, over a 15–20 year lifespan, adds up to thousands in savings.

In the context of volatile energy prices, this long-term stability is increasingly valuable. Add in government subsidies and new tariff structures, and the financial case for switching grows stronger each year.

5. They do more than just heat

Heat pumps are often thought of as just a replacement for boilers, but their functionality goes further.

Air-to-water systems provide both heating and domestic hot water, while air-to-air systems can also cool homes in summer. Some advanced models integrate air purification technology, improving indoor air quality as well as comfort.

With the UK facing both colder winters and hotter summers, this year-round flexibility makes heat pumps a solution for all seasons.

Heat Pump Week is about raising awareness and helping homeowners make sense of the UK’s shift away from gas heating.

The facts show that heat pumps are suitable for most homes, efficient even in freezing weather, quieter than expected, and able to cut bills while delivering year-round comfort.

By spotlighting real-world performance and expert insight, the campaign provides homeowners with the information they need to make informed choices about the future of heating.

With the main component of an air source heat pump located outside your home, it's natural to question 'can my neighbour complain about me putting in a heat pump' – particularly if you live in a highly populated residential area.

After all, the main concern of most neighbours when they hear a heat pump is on the cards are the potential noise levels outdoors and the impact this may have on their enjoyment of their own home and garden.

The good news is, while they are within their rights to complain, it will only hold weight if you haven't adhered to the regulations. We asked the experts how to avoid neighbourly conflict and here's what they recommend.

On what grounds can my neighbour complain about my heat pump?

One of the most common heat pump myths is that air source heat pumps are noisy, and while they aren't considered noisy in relation to the decibel levels they must adhere to, it's the issue of noise that usually causes neighbours to complain.

However, the reality is, they are quieter than most people think, says Hamid Salimi, residential product manager at Daikin UK.

"While it’s normal for heat pumps to make some noise, a Daikin outdoor unit for example, is usually no louder than 60 decibels, just like an electric toothbrush or a normal conversation. Indoor units are even quieter," he adds, "making a gentle whirring noise which measures 30 decibels at most. For context, that’s quieter than a refrigerator and as soft as a whisper. "

"Sometimes planning officers and environmental health officers don’t agree on heat pumps either," says Leah Robson, co-director of Your Energy Your Way and member of Heating Trades Network UK.

"Environmental health will usually look at noise, which is why we carry out a recognised Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) noise assessment and produce a report as part of any air source heat pump installation," she says.

"Personally, I think heat pumps get unfairly demonised. A boiler flue is much noisier, and air conditioning is often installed without following any rules. Modern heat pumps are very quiet, so it’s actually quite unlikely a neighbour will be disturbed. The only issues I’ve seen are with councils that have stricter rules than the national ones," she adds.

The importance of planning approvals

However, if you have adhered to the noise levels, the only other time a neighbour can complain about you putting in a heat pump is if they believe you haven't sought the correct approvals.

“To help avoid any reason for neighbour complaints when installing a heat pump, it’s also key to ensure compliance with the updated planning regulations," says Achilleas Georgiou, residential heating advisor at Mitsubishi Electric.

"Since May, many restrictions have been relaxed, and in many cases, planning permission is not usually required and the rule requiring a 1m set-back from the boundary has also been removed in England."

The exception to the rule? Conservation areas and listed buildings. "If you’re in a conservation area, you’ll need planning permission," confirms Leah Robson, "and in conservation areas or listed buildings, you can’t put a heat pump at the front of the property even if it passes the noise test."

How can I make sure my neighbour can't complain?

While we'll come on to tackle what you can do if your neighbour does complain, the main objective when installing a heat pump should always be to ensure it's done correctly so that there isn't any cause for comeback.

"Installations, particularly around unit size and noise, must still meet MCS standards," advises Achilleas Georgiou. "Outdoor units must not exceed the size restrictions of 1.5 m³ for houses and 0.6 m³ for flats, and they must operate within the MCS noise limits.

"If these standards are followed and a certified installer carries out the work, the risk of neighbour complaints is very low, since the system should be both compliant and unobtrusive," he says.

"The most important thing for avoiding noise complaints is to make sure the installer carries out the noise test properly, as it can be a bit tricky and easy to get wrong," adds Leah Robson.

"For example, in flats you have to think about the surrounding rooms, is it near a bedroom (habitable) or a storeroom (non-habitable)? That affects where the heat pump can be placed, and a good installer should always avoid the worst places to install a heat pump."

One thing you can do yourself prior to fitting is check that your heat pump has a label clearly stating the sound level, as all heat pumps must have a label stating this.

And, if you are worried about noise, you do have options available says Hamid Salimi. For noise-sensitive areas, even quieter heat pumps can be selected, although you may need to accept a small drop in efficiency for this reduced power.

"Most Daikin heat pump models offer a ‘low sound mode’ which will set the heat pump to run at a lower fan and compressor frequency in a noise-sensitive area," he confirms. "However, it is important to note that the heat pump won’t offer such high capacity in this mode. Some of our quiet models also come with extra sound insulation, specially designed fan blades to reduce sound and fan grilles/facia which hide the fan. These all result in lower sound too.

"We would also recommend using flexible rubber feet, flexible hoses, anti-vibration dampers (supplied with some heat pumps) and good practice such as installing the system on the floor, rather than hanging it on an exterior bedroom wall for example," adds Hamid.

And of course, perhaps the first and most important step when making changes to your home is to get your neighbours on board with your plans, by discussing it with them in advance of the work. While they may still choose to object or complain further down the line, giving them a chance to voice their concerns early on will hopefully help to soften any future issues.

How do I deal with complaints?

If however you find yourself in the predicament of saying 'yes, my neighbours can complain about me putting in a heat pump and they have,' as long as you have followed certain steps you will have proof of not breaking any rules.

1. Make sure you have confirmation from your local authority that you did not need planning permission, or, if you did need permission, ensure you seek it and keep a copy of any plans and subsequent approvals to show your neighbours
2. Ask your heat pump installer to provide you with a copy of the completed MCS noise assessment and give you the paperwork. That way you know it’s been done and you can provide them with the evidence

If you have have followed the rules and have the documentation to prove this is the case, then it is unlikely that any complaints will be valid. However, if you do find your noise levels being tested following a complaint, and they do exceed the limit, then this is likely down to one thing, says Hamid Salimi.

"The main reason for noise variations is incorrect specifications. For example, if a house requires a certain size heat pump, but has only been installed with an undersized model, then the heat pump will have to work much harder to maintain the temperature inside.

"This will make it operate more loudly than it should," he warns, "which is why you should always choose a qualified expert to specify and install your system so you have the correct heat pump size."

In this instance, you will need to revert to your original heat pump supplier and discuss your options. This may include taking a look at your home insulation to make sure your home is not leaking energy, checking the size and number of your radiators to ensure you have the right ones installed, or even asking them if you need one heat pump or two.

Perhaps one of the first starting points to your heat pump journey is to start by asking is my home suitable for a heat pump, and if it is, familiarise yourself with the most common heat pump mistakes so that when you start discussing your plans with a reputable installer, you have the advance knowledge to spot any red flags that could cause your neighbour to complain.

If you're heading down the house renovation or extension route, it's likely that heating is one of the jobs to tackle on your list. It was certainly the case for heating expert, David Hilton, who had an air source heat pump installed when he extended his home in 2018.

Although the property had been previously heated by an oil-fired boiler, home extension plans meant the heating had to be relocated, forcing him to make the decision to switch to a new system.

But, as with any technology, things can often change at a rapid pace, so we asked David now he's used the system since it was installed, what are the changes he's made and what does he think he'll change in the future? Here's what he said.

Why I made the switch to a heat pump

There are many reasons for buying a house and for us it came down to size. Our family was increasing in numbers, and we were also conscious that we needed to be in a good, and convenient, school catchment area. But, because budget was limited, the house we eventually bought needed lots of work.

And, when budget is limited there needs to be a priority list, which doesn't always cover everything you have on your wish list. In our case, a new heating system was one of those items.

As the property already had central heating – retrofitted by a previous owner with an oil combi boiler as there is no gas in the street – we made the decision to keep the oil-fired central heating system and spend money elsewhere on the home. In fact, we kept it for longer than we had originally planned.

However, a growing family meant we needed to build an extension, and along with this, we made the decision to finally retire the oil boiler and install an air source heat pump instead.

The main reason for choosing an air source heat pump was down to location issues. The oil boiler was installed with the flue exhausting to where the new living room would be, meaning the oil tank would no longer be accessible for filling. I'll be completely honest and say I also really wanted a new garden shed where the oil tank was located!

Energy prices were less of a deciding factor, as in 2018, oil was relatively cheap. But, given we had solar photovoltaic panels on the roof, I was quietly optimistic that I could manage the heat pump and solar PV operation, so that it used as much of the electricity generated by the solar panels as possible

Living with an air source heat pump

Fast forward seven years and life with an air source heat pump has been a journey of mixed outcomes, not least of all the fact it took at least a year to get used to the way a heat pump works.

An oil boiler effectively blasts heat into a home using a high temperature for a short period of time model. A heat pump is almost the opposite of that, producing a lower amount of heat delivered over a very long period of time, which is what makes it so efficient.

The other difference is that a boiler delivers the same temperature consistently to the home, whereas a heat pump will modulate its flow temperature according to the outside air temperature. The colder it is outside, the warmer the radiators will be inside.

During the first year of living with the heat pump we monitored what went well, what didn't go quite as well and also when we were too cold and too hot. We in fact got too hot a lot!

The main reason for the temperature being incorrect comes down to how well you can evaluate the heat loss of a building, as it's this heat loss that determines what the flow temperature of a heat pump is set to.

The current heat loss calculations are reasonably good at determining the transmitted heat loss, this is the heat that physically transfers through the fabric of the building, but the ventilation heat loss is a whole different challenge.

It's not realistically feasible to test the airtightness of every existing home, and the calculations inevitably overestimate the heat loss of a building This in turn can lead to oversized heat pump equipment and incorrect commissioning settings, all of which then lead to inefficient operation of the heating system.

When our heat pump system was installed, the flow temperature was set quite high at around 48˚C – the level that had been determined by the heat loss calculation and the currently installed radiator sizes.

At this temperature, we were were told we only needed to change one radiator. But, we should ideally have been advised to change a further three radiators as this would have lowered the design flow temperature to only 43˚C. This which would have meant we didn't get too hot, and the heat pump would have run more efficiently.

Changes I've made to date

In the time we've had a heat pump in the house, we have always had heat pump optimisation in mind when redecorating and remodelling. So, when re-decorating, I decided to change the extra radiators myself, and also increased the pipe size delivering heat to two other radiators. The results? The system now runs at a more comfortable, and efficient 38˚C.

The key phrase for heat pump systems is: low, slow and all about flow. So, if you can lower the flow temperature, slow the heat requirement of the property and increase the flow of water through the radiators, then the system will be optimised.

Big radiators, underfloor heating, and larger pipes are ideal, and increased home insulation is the low hanging fruit when it comes to reducing heat loss, so we have made sure our home is as well insulated as it can be, and still continually try to eliminate draughts and air leakage.

However, when reducing air leakage, we also discovered that a good ventilation regime was crucial. Why? Because as humidity changes so does our perception of heat. With higher humidity we often need higher room temperatures to feel warm. Lower humidity equals lower room temperatures and therefore more efficient heating.

So, as part of our renovations we decided to install a mechanical ventilation heat recovery (MVHR) system to ensure air quality and low humidity – even though the house isn't a new, airtight building.

And finally, we also try and run the heating to take advantage of solar power generation and off-peak electric tariffs.

Future heat pump plans

Things have moved on in the heat pump industry since I first installed a heat pump, and the new refrigerants have much lower global warming potential. Not only are they better for the environment, but they can also reach higher flow temperatures, which means that you can heat your hot water to a higher temperature.

It also means that if you cannot feasibly change your radiators or central heating pipework, then a high temperature heat pump could still be an option, even if it is at a slight efficiency loss.

Some heat pumps are also now being specifically designed to be part of a home energy system, whereby the energy requirement of the whole home is managed as a single, harmonised system, rather than a building with bolted on infrastructure.

This is the way homes need to be managed and whenI have to change our heat pump, or in fact any of the home energy systems in the future, I will certainly want them to be fully managed and remotely monitored and optimised.

The benefits of operating in this way? As the family needs change and our requirements and lifestyles also change, so will the management of the home system, automatically adjusting settings to optimise the comfort of the occupants and the efficiency of the home system.

Currently considering making the switch? Find out the pros and cons of a gas boiler vs heat pump, and if you're looking at installing a heat pump in a period property, make sure you follow the advice of the experts who answer the question, 'are heat pumps suitable for old homes?'

If you’ve been thinking of trying to cover your heat pump to hide it from view, you’re not alone. For many homeowners, the outdoor unit of an air source heat pump can be a bit of an eyesore and the temptation to disguise or protect it – whether with a decorative screen or a shed-like enclosure – is understandable. But before you start browsing the web for stylish covers, it’s worth understanding the dos and don’ts of covering your unit.

While it is possible to cover a heat pump, doing it the wrong way could prove to be an expensive mistake. The right approach can reduce its visual impact and shield your system from falling leaves or snow, but the wrong approach can seriously reduce your heat pump's efficiency, increase its running costs and even shorten its lifespan.

In this guide, we’ll explore how to cover a heat pump safely, as well as clever ways to help it blend into your driveway or garden design.

Can you cover a heat pump?

Yes, if you are installing an air source heat pump then you can cover it, but only if you do it correctly. For heat pumps to work properly they rely on a constant flow of air to work, so any covering must allow air to move freely around the unit.

Hamid Salimi, product manager at Daikin Residential, explains: “Heat pumps need clear space around the intake and exhaust to work at their best. If air can flow freely, the system will remain efficient and reliable. To shield the unit from leaves or weather, opt for purpose-built protective covers or shelters designed for HVAC equipment that allow full airflow.”

It is also worth knowing that most quality outdoor heat pumps are already built to withstand the weather. John Felgate, MD at STIEBEL ELTRON UK and Ireland, explains, “Air source heat pumps meant for outdoor installation should not require additional protection to ensure their longevity. For instance, all our heat pumps have top level corrosion protection as standard. These are the kind of differences you get with high-quality units that mean they do not corrode, even in coastal conditions.”

Mistakes to avoid when covering a heat pump

One of the biggest heat pump mistakes experts see time and again is homeowners fully enclosing their units.

“Air source heat pumps should not be enclosed because it will impact negatively on performance,” warns John Felgate. “If there is insufficient airflow, you can get what is called re-entrainment of the exhaust air, where it is drawn back into the pump. The cold air needs plenty of movement to dissipate and prevent the creation of a cold microclimate, which will reduce efficiency.”

And according to John, other heat pump cover mistakes are easier to make than you might think:

• Placing heavy items on top of the unit can dent the casing and make it harder to open for servicing.
• Kinking or bending the hoses at the back can restrict air flow.
• Using solid, airtight or heat-trapping materials can cause overheating in summer and ice build-up in winter.
• Ignoring the manufacturer’s clearance guidelines can void your unit's warranty.

The golden rules for airflow, clearance and siting

• Leave space for your heat pump to 'breathe'
  Whether you are adding a cover, a screen or simply positioning the unit, you must maintain open space around it so air can move freely in and out. “A heat pump needs unrestricted airflow to work efficiently,” says Hamid Salimi at Daikin. “We typically recommend leaving at least 30–50 cm around the sides and one metre in front of the fan. Obstructions like fences, plants or walls too close to the unit can also restrict airflow, leading to higher energy use and faster wear on the components.”
• Think about the placement of your unit
  Keeping your unit clear of debris and sheltered from strong crosswinds will help it run more efficiently throughout the year and stop your heat pump from freezing during winter. Adding a simple overhang or canopy can give extra protection, as long as the sides remain open to allow airflow. “If you’re considering an enclosure, it should be open-sided or louvred, allowing free airflow while shielding the unit from debris or weather,” explains Hamid Salimi. “Avoid solid boxes or sheds, anything airtight, or materials that trap heat as these can impair performance. Also, keep in mind that any cover must allow for service access for heat pump maintenance – if the unit cannot be easily reached, it cannot be properly maintained.”
• Plan for kerb appeal
  Some brands now offer discreet, design-led models or even bespoke vinyl wraps that can be colour-matched to your home's brickwork or cladding. Spray-painting the casing is another possibility, although John Felgate cautions that this may affect the warranty on your casing. If you prefer a softer, natural approach, your garden design can also do some of the work for you. Trellis panels, climbing plants or tall ornamental grasses are all effective ways to screen the unit from view, providing you still allow for the required airflow.

Shop heat pump covers

While you can cover a heat pump, any solution must work with its design rather than against it. Purpose-built ventilated screens and discreet positioning can all help soften your unit's appearance, but they should always allow the free airflow and easy access your system needs to run efficiently.

It's also essential to avoid the worst places to install a heat pump if you want to ensure your heat pump runs as efficiently as possible.

Knowing the worst places to install a heat pump is key if you want to make sure you find the best spot for it so it functions as efficiently as possible. Air source heat pumps tend not to be the most attractive of items to have stuck to the outside of your home, but it turns out that hiding them away in tight corner is often a bad idea.

"Placing your heat pump in a proper location is essential for making sure it runs properly," explains Aidan Charron, associate director of Global Earth Day.

With that in mind, we asked the experts for the places to avoid locating a heat pump and some practical safety rules surrounding their location.

1. Avoid tight and narrow spaces

The main thing you need to be concerned about when installing an air source heat pump is airflow.

"One of the worst places to install a heat pump is where the outdoor unit cannot get enough airflow," explains Martyn Fowler, founder of Elite Renewables. "If the unit is positioned in a narrow gap or tucked into a corner to make it less visible, it doesn't get the air it needs to work efficiently. Over time, that leads to reduced performance and potential reliability issues."

"You need a clear location that isn’t blocked by shrubs, debris or structures," adds Aidan Charron. "Just like your traditional outdoor home air conditioning unit, heat pumps are moving air from one place into another (with a few steps in between) and this requires consistent air movement."

2. Don't place it near quiet areas of the home

While the noise levels associated with living with a heat pump have reduced since their introduction, they are still not a silent mechanism, so bear this in mind when deciding on a location.

"Most modern units are quiet, but you will notice them if they are bolted under a bedroom window or next to a patio where people sit," warns Michael Zohouri, founder at Pyramid Eco. "It’s always better to keep the unit away from living and sleeping areas."

"Heat pumps are quiet, but the low hum can be noticeable in a silent room," adds Martyn Fowler.

3. Areas prone to damp and debris

Again, while you might want your heat pump to be tucked discreetly away, to avoid one of the most common heat pump mistakes, you really need to take care that its location isn't going to negatively affect its performance in any way.

"We avoid areas where debris or water can collect," says Martyn Fowler. "Units installed beneath heavy trees or close to hedges often end up clogged with leaves and debris.

"You also want to avoid low points of the garden that are likely to collect snow or standing water," continues Martyn. "These conditions can block the coil and increase maintenance for the homeowner."

4. Too far from the indoor unit

In terms of how heat pumps work, you need to be aware that they are comprised of indoor and outdoor units, and the location of each needs to be taken into account when considering the worst place to install a heat pump.

"There are essentially two different 'indoor' setups for heat pumps," explains Aidan Charron. One relies on your traditional duct system, and the other is a mini-split system that you may recognise as the 'white rectangles' that lie towards the ceiling of a room. Either way, when installing your heat pump system make sure there is easy access between your outdoor components and indoor.

"This closeness is easier when installing on an exterior facing wall and this allows for easier connection between both portions of your system."

5. Where it will ruin your home's kerb appeal

For all the talk of practicality, for many people, the idea of strapping a big white box to the outside of their home is not exactly appealing. Thankfully, there are ways to avoid your heat pump ruining the kerb appeal of your property.

"From an appearance point of view, the best spots are usually along the side or rear of the property," advises Michael Zohouri. "This keeps the unit out of sight and away from main garden areas. We sometimes integrate them into landscaping or place them behind a trellis to make the unit less visually intrusive."

Martyn Fowler has a few more tips on avoiding the worst places to install a heat pump to ensure it doesn't stick out like a sore thumb.

"If homeowners want to 'hide' the unit, we can create custom enclosures that can be matched to the property," he explains. "The key is to design them so the unit can still breathe. If the enclosure is too tight or uses solid panels, it will restrict ventilation and make the system less efficient.

"We often use open slats, louvres or grille designs," continues Martyn. "These allow air to flow freely while softening the look of the unit."

6. Avoid spots with tricky access

And, finally, you are going to need to access to carry out heat pump maintenance from time to time, so ensure you don't make this harder than it needs to be in your bid to conceal it.

"Make sure your system is easily accessible – no one wants to be digging through cobwebs or walking through a patch of thorns to get to it," points out Aidan Charron.

"We often recommend the side or rear wall of the home," adds Martyn Fowler. "It keeps the heat pump tucked away from main garden spaces and helps reduce visual impact from the street."

FAQs

How much space do you need to leave around a heat pump?

"It's important to choose a location that allows the heat pump unit to breathe," advises Martyn Fowler. "It should have around 30 to 50 centimetres of free space on all sides to ensure unobstructed airflow. This keeps the system operating efficiently and reduces strain on the components."

"The best spots are open and away from high-traffic areas of the home," adds Michael Zohouri.

If you have had a site survey prior to its installation, you should already have a good idea of whether your house is suitable for a heat pump.

Despite more and more homeowners now living happily with heat pumps, there are still a few heat pump myths doing the rounds. Make sure you know how to separate fact from fiction when opting for this renewable technology for your home.

While heat pump problems are far outweighed by their many benefits, it is well worth getting to know where homeowners often run into issues with both air source heat pumps as well as ground source heat pumps to ensure you don't encounter any of the same headaches.

"Heat pump technology, when installed by an experienced engineer and with the right environment in the property, can be a fantastic investment for a more efficient heating solution for homeowners in the long term," explains Andy Farquhar, head of heat pump product management at Ideal Heating. "But there are some considerations that homeowners should take."

Our guide is here to lay out the most common heat pump problems experienced by those living with them and how to ensure your new system is nothing but a success.

1. Fluctuating temperatures

When the right heat pump size and system is specified from the off, there are likely to be far fewer issues later down the line, so this is a key area to focus on.

"The most common problems with heat pumps are rarely faults with the equipment itself. In almost every case, they come down to poor design or unrealistic expectations," reveals Martyn Fowler, founder of Elite Renewables. "A heat pump has to be matched to the property’s heat loss. If it’s undersized, it will work harder than it should and will struggle to maintain comfortable temperatures. That’s why you need to carry out detailed heat loss calculations before specifying a system."

"I’ve been called to systems that were undersized because the installer did not do a proper heat loss calculation," picks up Michael Zohouri, founder of Pyramid Eco. "That becomes a problem in January when the home struggles to reach target temperatures.

"Oversized systems are less noticeable to the homeowner because the house still feels warm, but the constant stopping and starting puts extra strain on the components."

2. Cold spots and higher bills

Heat pump problems are often the result of a failure to take into account the make-up of the existing property.

"I’ve walked into homes with brand-new heat pumps, but the loft insulation is still the thin layer from the 1980s," says Michael Zohouri. "A heat pump needs a well-insulated home so it can run at a steady low temperature. Without that, you end up with cold spots and higher bills."

The existing heating system also needs to be taken into account.

"We’ve successfully installed heat pumps in everything from modern new builds to Victorian terraces," says Martyn Fowler. "In some older properties, radiators and insulation may need to be upgraded first before you install the heat pump. These upgrades allow the system to deliver heat evenly and at the right temperature."

3. Higher than anticipated running costs

While heat pumps can offer cost-savings over the long term, it is important to have a firm grasp on what these are likely to be before installation.

"Running costs are where expectations need to be set correctly." picks up Martyn Fowler. "A well-installed heat pump will usually produce over four units of heat for every unit of electricity it uses. That’s much more efficient than a gas boiler. But the cost of electricity is higher than gas, so your energy bills are not going to be four times lower."

In terms of overall air source heat pump costs, take into account installation and purchase price too.

"Make sure your installer is MCS certified – this is so that your heat pump installation is eligible for the government funding available for boiler upgrades to heat pumps of £7,500," advises Andy Farquhar.

4. Issues with inadequate airflow

One of the most common heat pump problems occurs when they are installed in a location where airflow is restricted – interestingly, this is also one of the main HVAC mistakes.

"A heat pump needs good airflow to operate efficiently," explains Michael Zohouri. "Most installers get this right but we occasionally see units that have been placed too close to walls and fences or in a corner."

"Find an experienced installer that’s got case studies of previous heat pump installations and read reviews of their work," adds Andy Farquhar.

5. Noise disturbances

A common problem cited by those living with a heat pump is running noise that is a constant source of irritation. That said, Martyn Fowler has some reassuring words.

"Noise is often raised as a concern, but modern units are far quieter than many people think," says Martyn. "In most cases, they are no louder than a kitchen fridge or a gas boiler flue when running.

"Placement is still important, especially in smaller gardens or when there are nearby windows," continues Martyn. "We assess this during the design phase. In the past, we’ve built enclosures to hide the units and make them more discreet."

6. Maintenance issues

If you don't look into how to maintain a heat pump, you may well run into issues down the line.

"Heat pumps require very little upkeep, but they are not entirely maintenance-free," explains Martyn Fowler. "You should always book an annual service to check refrigerant levels, filters and controls. This helps maintain performance and the system’s lifespan."

Regular servicing should stave off any serious issues and prolong the life of your heat pump. According to Vaillant, the average lifespan of a heat pump is 15 years, but when maintained properly could be up to 20-25 years.

FAQs

What to do before installing a heat pump?

Before heat pump installation takes place, there are several steps to take to ensure you don't encounter any problems once the system is up and running.

"In many cases, it makes sense to hold off on the heat pump and sort the insulation first," advises Michael Zohouri. "It makes all the difference to how well the system performs."

"Speak with your installer to discuss your home's suitability, and what upgrades may be needed for things like radiators to ensure the heat pump runs optimally," further advises Andy Farquhar. "Most of this will be done at the initial estimation and/or design stage."

There are several different types of heat pump out there, including ground source heat pumps. Be sure to check out all the options before making your final decision.

If you're considering using a ground source heat pump to heat your home, you could be wondering what type of ground source heat pump problems you may encounter. Or, perhaps you have one and have a few niggles you can't ignore.

It's not unsurprising that with the installation process involving pipework being buried deep underground, finding the root of any problems may seem like a daunting prospect and one you're keen to avoid.

With this in mind, we asked the experts what are the most common ground source heat pump problems, how you can try and avoid them, and what you can do to resolve them if they do happen.

The best way to avoid ground source heat pump problems

The good news? Avoiding ground source heat pump problems can generally be avoided as long as you get the installation right and make sure you keep on top of your heat pump maintenance.

"Many of the issues customers face with ground source heat pumps aren't problems with the technology itself, but rather with the planning and installation process," confirms James Horscroft, technical support engineer at Nu-Heat.

"A system that is incorrectly designed for the property's needs, or a ground loop that isn't sized properly, can lead to inadequate heating and inefficiency. For example, a common 'problem' is not having enough land for a horizontal ground loop, or a property's heat losses being too high for the system to keep up. The fix here is to get it right from the start by working with a competent, experienced specifier and designer," advise James.

Problem one: Unusual or excessive noise

Ground source heat pumps are one of the quieter forms of heat pumps, and while homeowners often ask are air source heat pumps noisy, it's not often asked of ground source.

If you are noticing a new or unexpected noise, it's therefore likely indicative of a problem of some kind. Of course, the fact you can hear the noise means it's hopefully coming from inside or close to home – rather than in the pipework outside that's underground.

The exception to the rule could be air bubbles trapped in the pipes, which can also cause other problems, but can easily be rectified.

"Issues can be caused by residual air or particles trapped in the primary water system or ground loops," says James Horscroft. "This may also cause poor operation or even a system shut down.

"However, by checking and cleaning all filters and bleeding trapped air both prior to and shortly after the system is commissioned, problems can be rectified in advance,” he advises.

If the noise is more of a rattling sound, be sure to also check over all the components on the heat pump unit inside your home and check that nothing is loose, or needs tightening.

Problem two: Insufficient heating or cooling

As a ground source heat pump can cool your home, as well as heat it, it might not always be during the winter months when you notice a drop off in performance. So, if you have noticed the temperatures aren't quite right, this could be down to a number of different reasons.

And, while it can be easy to assume it's down to outdoor temperatures fluctuating, this isn't the case says David Billingsley, sales director at Kensa.

"Temperatures below ground remain relatively constant all year round, so a sudden drop in air temperature during winter will not affect the performance of a ground source heat pump. There is no need for de-icing functions, nor for backup heaters for when the air is cold."

Worst case scenario? Your ground source heat pump hasn't been sized correctly to meet the needs of your home.

"The most critical step to avoiding future problems is to get the design phase right," stresses James Horscroft. "This means doing a full assessment of the property to determine if there's enough land for a ground loop or if boreholes are a better option.

"It also involves correctly sizing the heat pump and ground loops to ensure the property's heating demands are met. Crucially, before even considering a heat pump, the property's insulation and heat losses should be a priority," he recommends.

"You should always insulate first to get the most out of any heating system, but this is particularly relevant for low temperature systems using a heat source such as a ground source heat pump.

“Another key consideration is the 'brine' - the fluid in the ground loop - not having the correct concentration when it was added," adds James. "If this is wrong, the system's performance and longevity can be compromised."

If you've used a reputable installer, these more complicated issues shouldn't of course be a problem. The more likely cause of insufficient temperatures? Dirty filters or issues with the heating distributors inside your home.

Make sure you regularly clean filters and if the issue is with lack of heat, make sure you're checking your indoor emitters too, says David.

"Regularly clean the convector fins of your radiators with a long-handled radiator brush or the nozzle attachment of a hoover," he suggests to ensure heat can be transmitted. "It's also good practice for the heating distribution system, including radiators or underfloor heating systems, to be proactively checked and maintained," he advises.

Make sure you know how to bleed a radiator correctly and if you have underfloor heating installed, make sure you bleed this regularly too.

Problem three: Heat pump frequently turning on and off

If on the other hand, you are finding that the main ground source heat pump problem you have is that it appears to be in overdrive, or to use the correct terminology, short cycling – which means it's excessively turning on and off, this is usually caused by a few things including human error.

"From a user's perspective, a common mistake is operating the system like a traditional boiler," says James Horscroft. "Heat pumps are designed to run at a lower, more constant temperature. Customers who frequently turn the system off and on themselves, or use timed heating settings, will also see a dip in efficiency. The best advice is to set room heating controls to a constant temperature for the most efficient operation."

Other problems can again be issues with the thermostat units being used inside the home, particularly if you have zoned underfloor heating, each with its own thermostat. Make sure you check they are all on and functioning correctly. If you've had a recent powercut for example, have they all reactivated correctly?

Another reason for the problem could be low refrigerant caused by an unseen leak. But, as this isn't something you can resolve yourself, contacting your supplier should be your first port of call.

"Should customers need direct assistance with their heat pump, our knowledgeable UK-based customer support team is ready to help and can provide a list of simple, essential checks that can be performed to ascertain the health of the system," says David Billingsley.

Making sure you have an annual service is also important as a preventative measure to ground source heat pump problems.

"For long-term prevention, as with any heat source, a simple annual check by a qualified individual is recommended and will most likely be a requirement of the heat pump warranty," says James. "This includes checking the water pressure and brine levels, cleaning all filters, and checking for any visible leaks. This proactive maintenance can catch small issues before they become major problems and ensure the system operates at peak efficiency for years to come."

Worried you might not have enough room to install enough pipework to make your ground source heat pump efficient and that this will lead to ground source heat pump problems? Find out how much space does a ground source heat pump need and make sure you establish from the off, if your home is suitable for a heat pump.

Once you know the heat pump mistakes the experts see happening on a regular basis, you are halfway to ensuring that your own system will be one that proves to be a worthwhile investment.

If you are considering installing an air source heat pump, you can expect many benefits, including lower heating bills, but to ensure you enjoy all the advantages this type of heating system can offer, there are certain mistakes to avoid.

With that in mind, we reached out to some of the top experts in the field and asked them what the most common blunders they see being made are when it comes to the specification, installation and operation of heat pumps. Here's what they had to say.

1. Skipping a site survey

Is you house suitable for a heat pump? Before coming to any decision on the type, size or location of your new heat pump, it is essential that you have a thorough site survey conducted.

"One of the most common mistakes is starting a heat pump installation without a proper site survey," reveals Martyn Fowler, founder of Elite Renewables. "Every home is different. Details like insulation, window quality and the age of the building can all affect performance.

"A thorough survey allows you to calculate heat loss and design a system that delivers comfort and efficiency all year," explains Martyn. "If this step is rushed, performance issues are almost inevitable."

2. Choosing the wrong size system

Often a consequence of skipping a site survey, but sometimes just down to inexperience, getting heat pump size wrong is all too common.

"Arguably the most common and impactful mistake is improper sizing of the heat pump," picks up Mars Mlodzinksi, founding editor of Renewable Heating Hub. "It’s tempting for installers to oversize a unit 'just in case', or to base decisions on rules of thumb rather than detailed calculations. Unfortunately, both approaches are flawed.

"Oversizing leads to short cycling, where the system constantly turns on and off, causing inefficiency, increased wear and tear on the compressor, and higher electricity bills. It can also unnecessarily push the project into more expensive territory by triggering a requirement for a three-phase electrical upgrade.

"Conversely, undersizing can mean the system struggles to maintain comfort during cold spells, forcing it to run flat out or rely on expensive backup heaters," continues Mars.

"The solution is simple but all too often skipped – a proper heat loss calculation. This must be based on detailed surveying of the home’s construction, insulation levels, glazing and air tightness. Without this, you’re flying blind," warns Mars. "Homeowners should insist that their installer provides a thorough, room-by-room heat loss report, not just a figure plucked from a spreadsheet."

3. Treating the heat pump in isolation

When specifying, installing and running a heat pump, thought needs to go into your heating system as a whole.

"A heat pump is not a plug-and-play boiler replacement. It interacts with the entire heating system (radiators, pipework, controls, etc.) and it needs all of these elements to work optimally," explains Mars Mlodzinksi.

"One of the biggest design flaws we see is undersized or poorly laid out radiators and pipework," continues Mars. "If the heat pump is matched to emitters that can’t effectively deliver low temperature heat, the system won’t perform properly.

"Radiator upgrades may be needed in some rooms, and microbore pipework from the 1980s and 1990s (while not always a dealbreaker) requires particular attention and, in some cases, extra circulation pumps to maintain flow.

"The heat pump must be viewed as part of a broader ecosystem, and installers need to be fluent in hydronics, not just electrics and refrigeration," further advises Mars. "Homeowners should ask for a full heat emitter plan and check that flow rates and pipe sizing have been considered."

4. Cutting corners on installation

Installation by a qualified and experienced engineer is absolutely essential if you want to ensure you don't experience any issues down the line. Trying to scrimp on heat pump installation costs is often a false economy.

"Even a perfectly specified and designed system can fail if the installation is poor," explains Mars Mlodzinksi. "Sadly, we come across far too many systems with bad plumbing, missing insulation, pointless buffer tanks, incorrect electrical work or units installed in suboptimal locations.

"A common issue is inadequate lagging, especially on outdoor pipework," continues Mars. "This can lead to efficiency losses, freezing and premature wear. We also regularly see commissioning settings left at default, with flow temperatures set too high, weather compensation not activated or flow rates too low, leading to constant lockouts or faults.

"Commissioning should be a methodical, recorded process, not a 15-minute job done on autopilot," adds Mars. "Homeowners must receive full documentation, an MCS certificate (if applicable) and clear instructions on how to run and maintain the system."

5. Treating it like a boiler

If you have, in the past, relied on a gas boiler, don't expect your heat pump to work in the same way. Get to know how heat pumps work before installation.

"Heat pumps require a slight shift in how we think about heating," explains Mars Mlodzinksi. "Unlike boilers, that blast heat intermittently, heat pumps work best when running steadily and gently. This means lower flow temperatures, longer run times and embracing features like weather compensation and load compensation.

"Homeowners who treat their heat pump like a boiler, cranking the thermostat up and down, may find the system less efficient and more expensive to run than expected.

"A key part of avoiding this mistake is homeowner education," continues Mars. "Sadly, many installers leave without explaining how to use the system, what the controls do or how to optimise comfort. A proper handover is not a 'nice-to-have' – it’s essential. Features like holiday mode, legionella protection cycles and hot water temperature settings need to be understood too. Without this knowledge, homeowners risk wasting energy, damaging their equipment or voiding warranties through misuse."

6. Ignoring loud running noises

Heat pumps are not silent to run, but neither should they be so loud that they become a nuisance. If yours is rumbling away, ignoring it is a big mistake.

"While modern heat pumps are quieter than older models, incorrect siting, especially near windows, fences or neighbouring properties, can lead to issues," explains Mars Mlodzinksi.

"Installing a heat pump on anti-vibration mounts, ensuring airflow isn’t obstructed, and placing it away from bedrooms or patios makes a huge difference."

7. Neglecting maintenance needs

And, lastly, even once your new heat pump is up and running, there are still a few mistakes that could affect its overall efficiency – ignoring heat pump maintenance being a good example.

"Once a heat pump is running, it requires very little attention, but that does not mean it should be ignored," explains Martyn Fowler. "An annual service helps maintain performance, checks refrigerant levels and ensures filters and controls are in good order."

"Neglecting this step not only affects performance but can also invalidate warranties," warns Mars Mlodzinksi. "Always ensure a qualified engineer performs this service and keeps a record."

FAQs

How often should a heat pump be serviced?

One of the most common heat pump myths is that they don't last long, but this need not be the case. Regular servicing will ensure your heat pump keeps running efficiently and should avoid any issues that might be lurking from causing damage to the system.

Failing to have your heat pump serviced can also mean your warranty isn't valid.

You should have your heat pump serviced on an annual basis.

Heat pumps are very often specified as part of a wider HVAC system. If this applies to your home, be sure to familiarise yourself with the most common HVAC mistakes to avoid running into any difficulties.

If you're exploring your options for a new heating system, an upgrade or perhaps considering which type of energy efficient heating to use in your self build plans, you'll likely find yourself comparing a number of options, including biomass boilers vs heat pumps.

However, while both solutions offer a viable alternative to fossil fuel system, there are some vast differences to take into account which will undoubtedly influence your final decision.

In this article, we'll cover the main areas of fuel, size, performance and suitability in order to help you understand whether a biomass boiler vs heat pump is more suitable for your home, needs and lifestyle.

Understanding the fuel differences

Fuel is without doubt the biggest main difference between the different systems.

"Air source heat pumps use the air outside and electricity to provide homes with heating and hot water comfort all year round," explains an expert spokesperson from Vaillant.

A biomass boiler on the other hand relies on burning wood based products such as wood pellets, chips or logs to create energy, while a ground source heat pump uses residual ground temperature to heat your home and hot water.

All of them still use electricity to power various parts of the kit, but in essence, whether you're weighing up an air source heat pump vs ground source heat pump, both are are 'fuel-less'. Biomass boilers on the other hand need fuel in the same way as fossil fuel systems require gas, oil or LPG to work.

The main impact of this? As well as the cost differentials (air and ground temperature are free, although electricity is not), once installed, heat pumps don't need you to physically feed them with fuel. Biomass boilers do however rely on either manual or automated fuel delivery, or a combination of both.

Why does this matter? As one of the 6 things I wish I'd known before installing biomass, fuel delivery and the loading of it can sometimes be problematic.

So is one type of biomass fuel better than the other? Gordon Traill, founder of Treco says not really, although logs tend to be the most costly and difficult as they can't be fed automatically.

"There are pros and cons with all of them," he says. "Log biomass boilers are quite a lot of effort thought as they have to be topped up regularly. And obviously in the winter, that could be up to three times a day in the very coldest weather. Some people will say it just doesn't work for them as it’s too much hard work. Wood chip or logs can of course work well for those who have their own supply of wood," he adds, "but the most common product for domestic use is wood pellets."

Comparing the size of each system

One key similarity between both biomass boilers vs heat pumps is that compared to a gas powered heating system, they require a different level of space not just inside, but also outside your home.

"Heat pumps need a hot water storage cylinder to provide hot water, as they do not work like combi boilers," explains the Vaillant's expert," so space is required for indoor components. Depending on the requirements of your property you may also need a buffer tank, which will require additional space.

"An air source heat pump installation involves citing a unit outside," he continues, "generally in a garden, close to the property. Installing a ground source heat pump on on the other hand, needs suitable land to install either a borehole system or ground array."

Performance and running costs

Working out the performance levels of biomass boilers vs heat pumps requires assessment of both energy efficiency and costs. But, this is where it can get a little more complicated.

"Heat pumps run at a lower flow temperature than that of a fossil fuel boiler," explains Vaillant's expert. "Usually reaching between 45-55°C in radiators, whereas a boiler would normally run at 60-70°C. Your installer will need to check the radiators in the property, to ensure that they are the correct size to keep the home comfortably warm with the lower flow temperatures." It's therefore advisable to weigh up high vs medium vs low temperature heat pumps if this is the system you are considering for an older property.

In terms of efficiency, there's no disputing the fact that heat pumps win the most efficient title with a 300-400% efficiency rate. Biomass boilers on the other hand are only really comparable to a fossil fuel boiler with an 80-90% efficiency rate.

However, the rising cost of electricity means that the cost for running an air source heat pump can hike your electricity bill – although there are of course options such as using solar panels with ground source heat pumps, and with air source heat pumps, that can help reduce your monthly bills.

Biomass boilers will still use electricity to power parts of the unit, but the main cost will come from the fuel. For homeowners with easy, free access to wood chips or logs, this naturally reduce the running costs (other than replenishing woodland).

Wood pellets (one of the most common domestic fuel choices) are also relatively economical to buy, particularly in bulk and offer a good return in terms of kilowatts generated.

However, with regards to purchasing and installing each type, air source heat pumps cost the least. Ground source heat pumps and biomass boilers both require a more substantial investment upfront. "But, as with many things in life," says Gordon Traill, "quality counts and you will get what you pay for. The good biomass boilers are expensive, but they last a long time, and they're highly efficient and reliable."

You can find more in our guides to the cost for each different type:

• Air source heat pump costs
• Ground source heat pump costs
• Biomass boiler costs

Grants for biomass boilers vs heat pumps

While help is available towards these costs in the form of grants from the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, it should also be noted that the grant for a biomass boiler is limited to £5,000, while heat pumps are eligible for up to £7,500.

So why would you pay the extra expense for ground source or biomass boilers if there's a natural cost leader? It will often come down to the suitability of the system for your home and location, as we'll now consider.

Suitability of each system for your home

When weighing up biomass boilers vs heat pumps it's important to ask yourself, what is the suitability of each type of system for your home, your location and your lifestyle?

In essence, you'll need to ask is my home suitable for a heat pump, as well as asking yourself some initial questions to narrow down your potential options. Although Gordon Traill does acknowledge, "the smaller the requirement, the smaller and the better insulated the property, the less appropriate biomass is.

"Biomass, to me, really starts to work with the larger, more difficult to heat properties," he explains. "Smaller, more highly insulated properties may find a heat pump more than meets their needs."

In my experience, what he says is valid. Having researched ground source heat pumps and air source heat pumps when extending a rurally located listed building, while heat pump technology at the time was still relatively new in the UK, biomass was considered the most appropriate, cost effective and suitable choice.

However, heat pump technology is evolving and with higher temperature options and new styles of air source heat pump radiators now available, the choice is widening.

But, nonetheless, when weighing up the pros and cons of each system, it can help to consider the following:

1. What is my budget? Biomass boilers and ground source heat pumps will cost the most
2. How much external space do I have? Ground source heat pumps require land, biomass boilers may need the space of a small garage
3. Is my home in a rural location with a wood supply? This type of location would make biomass worth considering.
4. Am I upgrading a traditional boiler led heating system or installing from scratch? You may need to consider a high temperature heat pump or upgrading your radiators if this is the case
5. Can I install solar panels to provide electricity? This can be very beneficial when combined with air source heat pump as it can help reduce costs
6. How good is my home insulation? Any system will perform better when a fabric first approach is applied

Of course, whatever system you are considering, it's advisable to request an initial site visit and inspection if you're renovating a house and upgrading your heating.

"It is important that your installer thoroughly assesses the heating and hot water requirements of your property to select the correct size of heat pump and heating system to get the best performance," confirms Vaillant's expert. "They will need to complete a survey and heat loss calculation of the building in order to do this."

Likewise, if adding a biomass boiler or heat pump to your self-build scheme, you'll need to provide your supplier with detailed drawings in order for them to calculate and specify the right model and system to suit your needs.

Depending on the size of your home, you may be advised to have one heat pump or two, for example. Or, in my case, when installing a biomass boiler on a Grade II listed building that also had a modern extension, we ended up with a commercial size unit in order to heat radiators, underfloor heating and provide hot water for the home.

As well as the initial install and operating procedure for biomass boilers vs heat pumps, you'll also need to take maintenance into account. Given all three types of system offer a relatively long shelf life, keeping them in good order will serve to increase their life span further.

Find out how to maintain a heat pump to figure out what's expected of you on an annual basis, and also take time to weigh up heat pumps vs gas boilers, and biomass vs gas boilers before making your final decisions.

If you’ve ever winced at your hot tub’s running costs, you might be wondering whether there’s a smarter way to keep the water warm. One option that’s already popular for swimming pools, and is now gaining attention, is the air source heat pump. But can it really deliver on both comfort and savings?

The short answer is yes, and in the right set-up, an air-source heat pump can save you a substantial amount on energy bills while keeping your soak perfectly warm. By pulling heat from the surrounding air rather than generating it directly, these clever units are far more efficient than a standard electric heater. However, there’s more to it than simply plugging one in, and not every hot tub will be an ideal match.

In this guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about using a heat pump for a hot tub, from costs, installation and speed of heating, to noise levels, positioning and compatibility. With expert advice from spa and HVAC specialists, you’ll learn exactly what’s involved, what pitfalls to avoid, and how to tell if this upgrade is the right fit for your home.

Using a heat pump for a hot tub: everything to know

For regular hot tub users, a heat pump can be a sensible way to reduce running costs while keeping water comfortably warm year-round. Because they transfer heat from the surrounding air rather than generating it directly, they can use significantly less electricity than a standard electric heater.

John Uhle, product expert at Discount Salt Pool, explains: "If you use your hot tub often and live where the temperature in winter is generally above 4°C, a heat pump can cut heating costs by 40–60% while keeping water temperature more stable. In colder climates, the best solution is pairing it with your existing heater so the heat pump handles most of the work and the built-in heater kicks in only on the coldest days."

How quickly do heat pumps heat a hot tub?

A heat pump will usually take longer to heat a hot tub from cold than a standard electric heater, but once the water’s up to temperature, it’s far more efficient at maintaining it. In typical UK conditions, you can expect an air source heat pump to raise the water temperature by around 1-2°C per hour, although this depends on the unit’s capacity, the tub’s size, and the weather.

As Alex Atkinson, plumbing and HVAC expert at Super Brothers explains, this slower performance is the trade-off for efficiency, with some units taking several hours to bring a tub up to temperature from cold. This means heat pumps work best when the water is kept warm between uses, allowing them to top up the heat gradually rather than working hard to reheat from scratch.

If you only use your hot tub occasionally and tend to let it cool completely, it’s worth considering whether this slower start-up suits your lifestyle or whether a combination of heat pump and built-in heater would give you more flexibility.

How much noise do air source heat pumps make?

While most modern heat pumps are designed to run quietly, they are not completely silent. In general, you can expect a gentle humming sound when the unit is operating, similar to a domestic air conditioning system. Noise levels vary between models, but many fall in the 40–60 decibel range, which is about the volume of a normal conversation.

According to Alex Atkinson, one of the biggest factors affecting perceived noise is not the pump itself but where you put it. Placing it in a cramped corner or close to a wall can cause the sound to bounce back and seem louder, whereas giving it breathing space with open air around it can help minimise disturbance.

If you are concerned about noise, look for a model with inverter technology, which can run at lower speeds when less heating is required. Positioning the unit away from seating areas and using strategic screening without blocking airflow will also help keep the noise down when you're enjoying a dip.

Where should a hot tub heat pump be positioned?

Where you place a heat pump can make all the difference to how well it works and how long it lasts. These units need to pull in a steady flow of fresh air to operate efficiently, so they should never be tucked into a tight corner or hidden under a low deck. Aim for at least 60–90cm of space around all sides, with open air above, so it can “breathe” freely.

John Uhle says poor placement is one of the biggest heat pump mistakes he sees time and again. Squeezing a pump into an enclosed spot, he explains, can starve it of airflow, forcing it to work harder, use more energy and wear out sooner. Weather protection matters too. If rainwater, gutter runoff or snow can reach the unit, it may lead to corrosion or damage to the electrics. Heat pumps also create condensation, so a clear drainage route is essential to avoid puddles in summer or icy patches in winter.

How much does a hot tub heat pump cost?

A quality air source heat pump for a hot tub will cost between £1,500 and £3,500, with the price varying according to the brand, size, and whether it uses inverter technology for quieter operation. On top of that, you’ll need to factor in professional installation, which can add another £300 to £800 depending on how much plumbing or electrical work is required.

Danny Niemela, professional contractor and CFO at ArDan Construction, advises budgeting for more than just the heat pump itself: “Plan for a flow switch, bypass valve, pressure-rated PVC, a proper union and a controller so the heat pump can ‘talk’ to the spa. Materials alone can run £1,200–£1,600, not including labour."

While it is a significant upfront investment, the potential energy savings can quickly narrow the gap. As Alex Atkinson points out, "heat pumps can consume 60 to 70% less electricity than a standard electric resistance heater, because they transfer heat from the air instead of producing it directly". For hot tub owners who use their spa regularly and keep it heated year-round, those savings can translate into hundreds of pounds off annual running costs. Depending on your usage patterns and energy tariff, many owners find the pump pays for itself within two to four years.

What does a hot tub need to be compatible with a heat pump?

Not every hot tub is ready to work with a heat pump straight out of the box. As Danny Niemela explains: “Portable plug-and-play hot tubs with weak circulation systems cannot handle the added plumbing and flow demands. A dedicated circulation pump, 1.5-inch plumbing and an accessible equipment bay make integration much smoother. Older tubs, especially pre-2000, can require a full retrofit and may not be worth the cost.”

For newer models, the process can be far simpler. “It might just mean cutting into the plumbing to add a bypass line and running a dedicated electrical circuit,” says John Uhle. Another key factor is water flow. Alex Atkinson, plumbing and HVAC expert at Super Brothers, notes: “Most heat pumps need a minimum flow rate of 135–225 litres per minute to prevent coil damage. If the pump can’t manage that, it will need upgrading. They also require a 240-volt supply on their own circuit breaker.”

Expert disclaimer: Tying in third-party heating can potentially void your hot tub’s warranty, so always confirm with the manufacturer or supplier before making any modifications to your unit.

How do you know if a hot tub heat pump is worth it?

A heat pump can be a brilliant upgrade if you use your hot tub often enough and want to bring down running costs. They work best when the water is kept warm between uses, so they are ideal for those who enjoy a soak several times a week rather than letting the tub cool completely between sessions.

You’re most likely to benefit from a heat pump if:

• You use your hot tub regularly and keep it heated for long periods rather than reheating from cold each time.
• You have enough space for good airflow around the unit, ideally 60–90cm clearance on all sides and open air above.
• You’re willing to invest in modifications, such as plumbing changes, a bypass valve, or electrical upgrades.
• You want to cut running costs by up to 40–60%.
• You’re happy with a slower heat-up time, knowing the efficiency gains will show over regular use.

If you only hop in the hot tub occasionally, or your set-up makes installation tricky, sticking with a standard heater might be the better option for you.

FAQs

How long will a hot tub heat pump last?

With correct installation, regular use, and seasonal checks to keep airflow clear, most quality heat pumps last between 10 and 15 years. Poor placement or exposure to the elements can shorten their lifespan considerably.

Do heat pumps work in winter?

Yes, but efficiency will dip as the air temperature drops. In most parts of the UK, winter conditions still allow a heat pump to do the bulk of the heating, although pairing it with your existing heater can provide extra backup during particularly cold snaps.

Do you control the temperature from the spa panel or from the heat pump?

In most modern installations, the heat pump is connected so it works in sync with your hot tub’s existing control panel. This means you set and adjust the water temperature from the spa’s controls, just as you would with a standard heater. Some older or retrofitted systems may have a separate control on the heat pump itself, but a good installer can usually integrate the two.

If you’re renovating a house, it could be the perfect time to think about an air source heat pump. Not only can it help lower your energy bills, but it’s also a great step towards a greener home. Read our guides on how to tell if your home is suitable for a heat pump and how much it costs to install a heat pump, so you can find the option that fits both your property and your budget.

Britain’s advertising regulator has again stepped in over misleading heat pump marketing, banning two more adverts for failing to spell out the rules on government grants.

The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) said promotions from Aira and EDF Energy omitted key details about eligibility for the £7,500 boiler upgrade subsidy.

The ruling comes just a week after a similar ban on Octopus Energy - raising questions over whether the clampdown marks the start of a wider trend.

Why were the ads deemed "misleading"?

According to the ASA, Aira’s advert, seen in March, and EDF’s advert, seen in February, suggested that any homeowner could get a £7,500 grant through the Boiler Upgrade Scheme to replace their gas boiler with a heat pump.

In reality, the heat pump grants in England, Wales, and Scotland have strict rules, such as the type of property, the kind of heating system already in place, and the location.

“Our concern was that people could come away thinking this money was guaranteed,” an ASA spokesperson told the Guardian. “Eligibility can vary - and if you leave that out, you risk misleading the public.”

“Because the ads omitted material information, they were likely to mislead,” the ASA said in its ruling.

Heat pump company's react

Aira’s UK chief executive, Chris Collinson, said the company had already updated its messaging.

“We want customers to have the full picture before making such an important investment,” he said. “Our goal is to promote trust in heat pump technology, not oversell it.”

EDF stressed that the ASA had received no direct complaints about its ad but accepted the decision. “We fully support the principle of clear communication,” a spokesperson said. “We’ve made the necessary changes and are committed to getting this right.”

This latest action follows last week’s ban on an Octopus Energy ad that claimed customers could get a heat pump installed for £500 without clearly explaining the terms. Octopus said it accepted the ruling but has also filed a complaint against a British Gas advert making similar price claims.

Are misleading heat pump ads a growing pattern?

The fresh bans follow last week’s ruling against Octopus Energy, whose ad claimed customers could get a heat pump installed for as little as £500 without fully explaining the terms.

That makes three major heat pump adverts banned in under a fortnight. Industry observers say the spate of rulings points to a more aggressive regulatory stance.

With fewer than 100,000 heat pumps installed in UK homes last year - far below the government’s annual target of 600,000 by 2028 - the ASA’s actions may be aimed at ensuring that marketing doesn’t mislead customers about costs or incentives.

The UK’s product safety regulator has ordered 17,000 heat pump tumble dryer owners to stop using their appliances immediately following a serious fire risk.

Heat pump tumble dryers have become a popular energy-efficient choice in modern homes and renovations.

However, this recall underscores the ongoing challenge of ensuring appliance safety while meeting energy efficiency goals, especially as electrical fires continue to rise across the UK.

Which brands are affected

The warning applies to dryers sold under the Haier, Candy, Baumatic, Caple, Hoover, Iberna, Lamona, and Montpellier brands.

These appliances were part of a corrective action programme earlier this year, but OPSS investigations found that the modification did not adequately remove the fire risk.

Owners are urged to check their model numbers against the OPSS’s published list to confirm if they are affected.

Retailer and manufacturer response

Under the 'Requirement to Warn' order, Haier must directly inform all affected customers that their appliance should not be used.

Retailers who sold the products are not required to take action under the current recall framework, though some may provide guidance or direct customers to the manufacturer’s support channels.

Regulatory review underway

The OPSS says it is reviewing its processes following the discovery that an approved fix failed to address the safety hazard.

The regulator has not yet confirmed whether new rules will be introduced to ensure that safety modifications are independently verified before being rolled out to consumers.

In the meantime, owners of affected dryers are advised to switch them off, unplug them from the mains, and contact the manufacturer for further instructions.

The bigger picture of appliance safety

This recall is part of a wider scrutiny of domestic appliances and fire safety, coming after a string of incidents involving faulty electrical goods, such as electric underfloor heating and heat pumps.

Fire services warn that heat pump tumble dryers, while energy-efficient, can pose risks if not properly maintained or if faulty components go unaddressed.

The government has faced pressure to tighten consumer product safety regulations since high-profile appliance fires have caused property damage and injury in recent years.

This latest warning underscores ongoing challenges in balancing energy efficiency, cost, and safety in household appliances.

Although not every type of heat pump can cool a home, air to air heat pumps can. But, just because the option is available, you still need to establish if it's the right version for your home.

It's even more important to investigate further if you're considering a heating system upgrade as part of your home renovation plans. What may work in a new self-build, where everything is being designed from scratch, might not be as simple when modernising an older property.

So what do you need to consider if you're seeking a solution that will both cool and heat your home?

Choosing the right type of heat pump

Although the term heat pump is used in a generic way, there are a number of different types of heat pump and only two of them can cool a home.

And, while the answer to can a ground source heat pump cool a house is simply yes, it's not quite as straightforward when it comes to air source heat pumps.

Not all air to water heat pumps can cool a house, whereas air to air heat pumps do have the functionality to provide both hot and cold air flow.

But, this also comes with a caveat. Not many air to air heat pumps can also heat water, which as we'll come onto explain, means it might not always be the best solution if you are looking for a heat pump that can do it all.

How do heat pumps cool a house?

If you're weighing up heat pumps vs air conditioners, the simple way to explain it is that an air to air heat pump is essentially an air conditioning unit that works in reverse.

"An air to air heat pump operates in a similar way to a fridge," explains Hamid Salimi, residential product manager at Daikin UK. "It exchanges energy from the outdoor air, and air to air heat pumps cool the space by the process of refrigerant evaporation and condensation.

"In heating mode, an air to air heat pump absorbs energy from the outdoor air and releases it as heat through the indoor unit. In cooling mode, the process is reversed: heat is extracted from inside your home and released outside," he explains.

Andy Pattison, previously head of renewables at BOXT confirms that, "many people don’t realise is that air conditioning units are technically air to air heat pumps, so while in warmer months they remove heat from inside and release it outdoors, in cooler months they can reverse their operation to keep you warm.

"However, not all air source heat pumps can do this," he warns, "so it’s important to check the make and model carefully before making your choice. If you're uncertain or want to know more, the company you choose for installing your air source heat pump should guide you through your options when providing your initial fixed quote.”

Air to air or air to water?

Although air to air heat pumps can cool a house, as mentioned, it's not impossible for some air to water heat pumps to cool a room too. Some have a reverse function, which means they can also provide colder temperatures. But, they may not be the best solution if you are considering upgrading your current heating system, warns Andy Pattison.

"While both types of air source heat pumps are technically capable of offering cooling, we would typically recommend that an air to water heat pump should only be considered for cooling if it’s being installed in a new-build home where it can be factored into the building design."

Why? "Because this type of heat pump requires correctly installed underfloor heating or fan coil units, and wouldn’t work with the radiators that most UK homes have." Air to air heat pumps on the other hand, "are much simpler to retrofit and can offer both heating and cooling in one or more rooms in your home," he says.

But, don't forget this important point. If you are assessing if your home is suitable for an air source heat pump, you'll also need to take your hot water supply into account, as well as your heating and cooling needs.

While air to air heat pumps have historically not been designed with hot water supply in mind, companies are recognising the need for solutions that cater to more than just heat. And with rising temperatures becoming an issue for us all, the juggle between hot and cold is increasingly becoming part of the discussion.

Companies are starting to recognise the growing need for products that fulfil a number of different needs, with Daikin's all-in-one system, Multi+ a prime example of the changing face of heating systems.

"Offering heating, cooling, air purification and domestic hot water for small and mid-size homes, it connects to five units and one domestic hot water tank," explains Hamid Salimi. "The unit is compatible with a 120 and 230-litre tank and a wide range of indoor units. The outdoor unit is compact, which means that it is ideal for small outdoor spaces such as balconies and terraces."

But, with a limit still on the space it can both heat and cool, if your home is larger, you may still find it makes more sense to install air conditioning and ensure you have plenty of other measures in place to keep a room cool too.

FAQs

What radiators do I need for an air-to-water heat pump that cools?

So why can't you just use a standard radiator with an air-to-water heat pump that does cool? Nick Duggan, MD of the Radiator Centre explains more.

"Fan-assisted radiators designed for use with heat pumps can provide both heating and cooling when connected to a compatible system. Rather than relying purely on natural convection like traditional types of radiator, they use low-energy fans to draw air across a heat exchanger, significantly improving heat transfer.

"In heating mode, warm water from the heat pump is circulated through the radiator to provide even, comfortable warmth at lower flow temperatures," he continue. "In cooling mode, chilled water passes through the unit, allowing it to absorb heat from the room and gently reduce indoor temperatures."

While the process of how they work sounds simple enough, is retrofitting them easy? Is it more complicated than changing your current radiators to larger ones in the same style?

It's not necessarily more complicated says Nick, but there are a couple of extra things to think about.

"Like standard radiators, fan-assisted radiators still connect into the same water-based heating system, so the basic installation isn’t any more complicated when you’re upgrading to a heat pump.

"The main difference is that these units need electricity as well, because they use small fans to help move air through the radiator. That just means an electrical connection is required for each unit, which isn’t needed with standard radiators," he explains.

"Plus, if you want to use the cooling function, the system also needs to be set up for it from the start. That means the heat pump must be able to provide cooling, and the installer will need to make sure everything is designed to manage moisture in the air safely.

"In practice, when it’s planned properly as part of the heat pump installation, it isn’t significantly more complicated," he notes, "it just needs a bit more coordination between the heating and electrical design."

It's also worth clarifying that you may need to allocate more to your heat pump costs budget if you do opt for radiators that can cool. They are slightly more expensive confirms Nick, "mainly because they include built-in fans and controls, and because they’re designed to work efficiently with lower temperature heating systems like heat pumps, while also offering cooling when needed.

"However, they can add real value by combining heating and cooling in one system," he emphasies, "which in many homes, can remove the need for separate air conditioning costs, helping to balance out the initial uplift in price over time."

So, while the answer to can a heat pump cool a house can be yes, it's certainly a decision that needs plenty of consideration and discussion with your supplier before you make any final choices.

It's likely that air source heat pump costs will be a contributing factor when picking your system, as will whether you are renovating or self-building.

And, if it's the latter, make sure you are also designing your home to prevent overheating, so that whatever system you do install is able to function effectively.

The UK is making real progress on its goal to install 600,000 heat pumps each year by 2028.

New research from energy company Aira shows a sharp rise in the number of people applying for heat pump grants through the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, with applications up 54% in the first half of 2025 compared to the same period last year.

This growth is being linked to a key policy change: the removal of planning permission requirements for most heat pump installations, which has sped up approvals and made it easier for households to switch to cleaner heating systems.

Faster installations and fewer delays

Since planning rules were updated, more homeowners have been able to install heat pumps without waiting for local authority approval.

Units placed within one metre of a property boundary no longer need planning permission, which has significantly reduced the number of customers facing delays.

“Since planning permission requirements were removed for heat pumps installed within one metre of a property boundary, the proportion of Aira customers needing planning permission has dropped from 30 to 40 percent to just 5 to 10 percent,” said Chris Collinson, CEO of Aira UK.

This change has helped unlock growth. In June 2025 alone, 3,715 applications were made to the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, compared to 2,687 in the same month the year before. That growth has continued every month this year, according to Aira, putting the country firmly on course to meet its 2028 goal.

How fast is the heat pump industry growing?

The UK’s heat pump sector is one of the fastest-growing parts of the renewable energy economy. According to the Climate Change Committee, around 100,000 heat pumps were sold across the UK in 2024, and that number is expected to rise again this year.

“The Boiler Upgrade Scheme figures for the first half of 2025 show that the growth rate in heat pump adoption is on track to meet the national target of 600,000 annual installations by 2028,” said Collinson. “Achieving this goal requires an average annual growth rate of around 50 percent, and current trends suggest this is within reach.”

Collinson also highlighted the wider impact on jobs and the economy. “These figures highlight that the heat pump industry is one of the UK’s fastest-growing and most dynamic sectors, with the potential to make a significant contribution to the Prime Minister’s manifesto pledge to create 650,000 jobs in the renewable energy sector.”

What still needs to change

While the planning reforms have helped remove one major barrier, industry voices say there is more to be done to speed up adoption and bring costs down for consumers.

“Now, we urgently need to reform taxes on electricity, to further increase heat pump adoption and cost savings for people across the UK,” said Collinson.

Because heat pumps run on electricity, they are often more expensive to operate than gas boilers, despite being more efficient. Many in the industry argue that shifting green levies away from electricity bills and onto fossil fuels would help make low-carbon heating more affordable.

With demand rising and installation rules now more streamlined, campaigners and businesses are urging the government to back the next phase of reforms to keep the UK on track for its 2028 target.

Heat pumps and heat pump technology are no longer a new technology, and in fact most of us have had one in our homes for many years in the form of a fridge. They operate on the same principle, using a refrigerant based system to heat and cool.

However, in the same way as you wouldn't expect a small fridge to provide enough space for a large family's food requirements, or to work hard enough to freeze the food, heat pumps also need to be designed to cover the specific task at hand of heating your home efficiently.

Getting it wrong can result in increased costs – both in terms of energy usage and in the risk of paying too much for an over or under-sized system. Calculating the final heat pump size should always be done by a qualified installer, but here's what they'll be taking into account to help you understand how they arrive at the right heat pump size for your home.

Why sizing matters

Traditional central heating systems often had boilers that were actually too big. This was especially true for combination boilers which needed to be big and have a higher flow rate in order to meet the hot water requirements of showers and baths.

However, this meant the energy efficiency of the heating was compromised, as the boiler would constantly switch off, and then on again, in short cycles to heat the home. Modern boilers can modulate this more, but sometimes not by enough to prevent the stop start cycles.

Heat pumps however need attention when it comes to specifying the size, which is why there are a number of considerations to take into account when sizing one.

And it's also why the calculation should always be done by an experienced and qualified heat pump surveyor who understands how the calculator works, and what all the hidden contributory factors are.

Their experience helps them define the age of the property, notice all the tell-tale sign of improvements, as well as identify where further improvements could be made to further mitigate heat loss.

Contributing factors to determining heat pump size

1. The location of your home — and the external heat pump unit

Different areas and different altitudes, as well as a property's proximity to the sea and to steep cliffs, will have an impact on the design temperature for that property.

As an example, you would be right in thinking that a property in Glasgow may need more heat to stay warm than a similar property in Plymouth, although surprisingly a property in Edinburgh actually has the same design temperature as a similar property in Birmingham.

However in general, most of the time the postcode of the property will determine the design temperature.

But, as well as the geographical location of your home, the positioning of the outdoor fan unit on an air source heat pump, and the indoor heat pump unit on a ground source heat pump matters too.

They all need their positions carefully planned to be sure there is enough space for them to work effectively, and that there is no potential disturbance to any neighbours as a result of any heat pump noise.

2. Understanding the existing heat loss in the home

Another key factor in determining heat pump size is assessing the heat loss that takes place in the property.

Home insulation and draught proofing details will all need to be taken into account. The whole house needs to be mapped, and all of the main envelope – including roof, floor, walls windows and doors – needs to be defined according to age, thickness, how much insulation is in place, how large the rooms are and what temperature each room needs to be heated to.

This determines the room by room heat loss which is often done using a calculator spreadsheet in accordance with Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) design guidance and criteria.

The surveyor can then add up all the heat loss figures for each room to get an overall heat loss figure for the home.

You might be thinking that this figure is the size of the heat pump, but unfortunately it is not that simple.

3. The pipe size and distance to the heat emitters

While doing the heat loss calculation, the surveyor should also record details of the size of the radiators and any pipework leading to them. Or, if you have underfloor heating (UFH) then the size and length of the pipes also needs to be recorded.

If you have small radiators or UFH pipes that are spaced too far apart, then the flow temperature of the water going to those emitters will need to increase.

With a heat pump, if you need hotter flow temperatures you lose heat output and also lose efficiency. Therefore, if the flow temperature needs to be higher, or the emitters are smaller, then the heat pump may need to be larger.

Example of heat pump sizing

While each home will receive its own set of calculations to determine heat pump size, as an example, a home that is built to current building regulations could typically have a heat loss of around 30Watts per square meter (W/m2).

That means a 200m2 home may have a heat loss of around 6kW at design temperature, but may still need an air source heat pump with a rated output of around 7 to 8kW depending on location and emitter size.

On the other hand, an older property may have a heat loss of around 50 to 60W/m2 which would mean a heat loss of around 11 to 12kW. As a result, it's likely an air source heat pump would be specified that has a maximum capacity of around 16kW in order to ensure there are no questions as to whether heat pumps are suitable for old homes.

Ultimately, heat pumps, also perform in different ways and an air source heat pump might be rated to deliver 16kW but may only be able to deliver around 11kW or 12 kW in certain circumstances.

Ground source heat pumps do not have the same level of drop off however, so can be slightly better suited to larger properties and higher heat loads. But, it's this specialist knowledge that is vital to ensure you end up installing the best sized heat pump for your home.

Of course, you may also be wondering if the size of your home means you have to ask your installer do I need one heat pump or two?

While this will be yes in some cases, make sure you also understand the difference between high, medium and low temperature air source heat pumps to establish which will best suit your needs, and if opting for a higher flow model could even mitigate the need to install two.

Greater Manchester is positioning itself as the UK’s leader in low-carbon home heating, with a bold plan to install 64,000 heat pumps by 2030.

A new five-year agreement with global manufacturer Daikin marks a major step forward, combining innovation, skills training and practical support for both homeowners and housing providers.

The initiative covers everything from social housing retrofits to grants for private landlords and homeowners, ensuring wide-reaching impact across the region.

A bold plan for greener homes

Signed at the World Expo in Osaka, the new agreement between the Greater Manchester Combined Authority (GMCA) and Daikin builds on two years of successful collaboration.

It commits both partners to rapidly scale up heat pump adoption in homes across the city-region – making Greater Manchester one of the first UK regions with a clearly defined target for installations.

The rollout includes a mix of routes to help different residents:

• A retrofit framework for social housing
• The Warmer Homes Grant, funded through GMCA’s devolved powers, which supports private landlords and homeowners with installation costs

This combination ensures that clean heating is not just for a few, but available to all.

Skills, support and affordability

Daikin is expanding its footprint in Greater Manchester, opening a new training centre in Trafford Park to triple its installer training capacity, from 1,400 to 4,200 people a year.

The company will also cover the cost of specialist training for 100 eligible local people each year, removing financial barriers to entering the green workforce.

To make heat pump adoption easier for households, Daikin will pilot a first-of-its-kind leasing model tailored for Greater Manchester, allowing homeowners to spread the cost of installation.

And through partnerships with local colleges, councils and housing associations, the programme will deliver community awareness sessions, technical support, and even dedicated installs for homelessness projects like Embassy Village.

Driving toward 2038 carbon neutrality

This initiative is a core part of Greater Manchester’s wider mission to become carbon neutral by 2038.

Under the new deal, Daikin will chair the region’s Low Carbon Heating Industry Group – a UK first – bringing together industry voices to accelerate heat pump adoption and shape policy locally.

Greater Manchester Mayor Andy Burnham said: “Daikin’s investment in skills and innovation is exactly the kind of partnership we need to make low-carbon heating the norm.”

Daikin UK Managing Director Tomoji Miki said: “This isn’t just about technology – it’s about making real change, in real homes, for real people. We’re proud to be helping Greater Manchester lead the way.”

With national funding support improving and installation targets now set, Greater Manchester is leading by example - putting the systems, skills and support in place to make cleaner heating a reality for thousands of homes.

With UK summers getting longer and hotter, more homeowners are searching for ways to keep cool without relying on expensive, energy-hungry air conditioning.

What many don’t realise is that ground source heat pumps – usually known for heating – can also provide effective, eco-friendly home cooling.

Thanks to new innovations in system design, these hidden systems could be the year-round comfort solution that your home's been missing.

Cool your home naturally, all summer long

Many homeowners know ground source heat pumps can efficiently heat homes in the winter, but fewer realise they can help cool them in the summer too.

Ground source heat pumps tap into the stable temperature underground, using that natural coolness to lower the temperature in your home.

This process, called passive cooling, uses very little energy – just a small pump and fan to move cool air through your system. It doesn’t require noisy fans or outdoor units, and the running costs are minimal.

David Broom from Kensa, a leading heat pump manufacturer, says: “Passive cooling is unique to ground source heat pumps. It keeps homes cool with barely any energy use – and you don’t need a big air-con box ruining your garden or wall.”

For even warmer days, active cooling can be used, where the system absorbs heat from your home and transfers it back into the ground – still far more efficient than conventional air conditioning.

A solution for homes at risk of overheating

Detached, semi-detached and even terraced houses can suffer from overheating – especially with modern insulation, large windows, and south-facing gardens.

With climate change pushing temperatures higher each year, the need for affordable home cooling is only growing.

When comparing gas boilers to ground source heat pumps, boilers can only add heat to your living space, whereas ground source heat pumps can quietly remove it. They’re built to regulate temperature without fuel combustion, making them ideal for family homes where comfort and energy savings go hand in hand.

Neil Fitzsimons, Managing Director at Power On, explains: “A lot of people are surprised to learn that ground source heat pumps can cool homes too. It’s a smart, affordable solution for anyone looking to future-proof their property.”

Low-carbon, low-cost and ready for the future

Ground source heat pumps don’t just help keep your home cooler, they also reduce your environmental impact.

They meet the UK’s Future Homes Standard with emissions reductions of up to 80%, and also support regulations like Part O, aimed at limiting overheating in new homes.

If you’re building or upgrading a home, it’s a solution that combines sustainability, comfort, and efficiency - all in one system. Plus, the long-term savings on energy bills make it a sound investment.

Fitzsimons adds: “Networked ground source heat pumps are a win-win for homeowners. You get heating, hot water, and natural cooling without the need for noisy air-con or high running costs.”

A pilot scheme designed to boost the number of qualified heat pump installers has released its first findings.

The programme offers newly trained heating engineers a free air source heat pump to install in their own homes, providing practical experience in a controlled environment.

Early results suggest this hands-on approach may improve installers’ confidence and technical skills, potentially smoothing the path to wider heat pump adoption across the UK.

Pilot project tests hands-on training approach

The 'Start at Home' pilot began in November 2023, involving 40 heating professionals new to heat pump installation.

Half of the participants were given the opportunity to install an air source heat pump in their own homes, gaining practical experience in a controlled, low-risk setting. The other half formed a comparison group, continuing with standard training and industry entry.

The aim was to determine if this “learning by doing” approach could accelerate installers’ confidence, technical skills, and credibility when entering the heat pump market – a sector considered critical to meeting the UK’s net-zero ambitions.

Findings show increased confidence, technical knowledge

Nesta’s newly released report indicates participants who swapped a gas boiler for an air source heat pump reported improved confidence and deeper technical understanding in system design, heat loss calculation and commissioning.

Living with the heat pump allowed them to gain ongoing insights into performance and user experience, knowledge they could share with future customers.

Around half of those who installed a pump at home are now exploring routes to full Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) accreditation, proving the experience may also help meet professional standards required in the retrofit market.

Scaling up and next steps

Following positive initial results, Nesta is working to expand the 'Start at Home' approach nationally.

The organisation is engaging with manufacturers, trade bodies, certification schemes, and local authorities to support the launch of independently run 'Start at Home' programmes.

Nesta plans to continue evaluating the impact of these programs to refine best practices.

As more homeowners explore eco-friendly alternatives to traditional heating, the Visit a Heat Pump service has become a vital resource in the UK’s journey toward sustainability.

By connecting prospective buyers with real heat pump users, the platform offers an authentic glimpse into daily life with this technology.

This direct exposure not only increases understanding and confidence but also helps people weigh the benefits and challenges of heat pumps before committing to installation.

Growing interest in heat pump technology

Since launching in April 2024, Nesta's Visit a Heat Pump service has attracted significant attention, facilitating over 1,030 bookings and welcoming more than 1,600 visitors across the UK.

Many visitors come in groups, reflecting the broad interest from families and friends eager to learn about sustainable heating options.

Dan, a homeowner who visited a heat pump in Bedfordshire said: “For me, it was the clincher in the decision-making process... Having seen a house that was similar to mine, and hearing about his experience, I felt comfortable and ready.”

This growing engagement highlights how hands-on experiences are helping to demystify heat pumps and make them more accessible to everyday homeowners.

Changing attitudes through real-world experience

Visitors consistently report that the opportunity to see heat pumps in action and speak with current owners is invaluable in shaping their perceptions.

The visits allow potential buyers to understand both the advantages and how heat pumps work, leading to more informed decision-making.

Notably, while many visitors begin with a positive view towards installation, the experience often encourages a more thoughtful consideration, preventing costly and unnecessary surveys and installations.

Benefiting installers and the wider community

The service has also become an important tool for installers, with 47 registered professionals using the platform to engage their customers and promote hosting opportunities.

Hosts have independently added over 200 installers to the platform, demonstrating strong grassroots support and collaboration within the heat pump community.

This connection between homeowners and installers helps streamline the adoption process and supports the broader goal of increasing sustainable heating solutions across the UK.

IKEA has introduced heat pumps as part of its expanding focus on home energy efficiency.

The heat pumps are offered through partnerships with renewable energy companies Svea Solar and Aira in Germany.

By entering the heating market, IKEA aims to provide households with more options to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Expansion of the Ikea sustainable heating range

IKEA's heat pumps are designed to make eco-friendly living more attainable for a wide range of homeowners.

Jacqueline Polak, Communications Manager for IKEA said: “Sustainable living should be affordable and accessible. With heat pumps, we’re helping people take meaningful action on climate change – right from their own homes.”

These new systems can potentially cut household CO₂ emissions by up to 75%. The pumps complement IKEA’s existing range of green home products, which include solar panels, battery storage and EV chargers.

Potential for 70% discount

Households could benefit significantly from the new offering. IKEA highlights that up to 70% of installation costs can be covered by current government subsidy schemes depending on eligibility and location.

In addition, IKEA Family and IKEA Business Network members will receive an exclusive 15% discount on the full heat pump package, although this is only available for German based households.

The aim? To make renewable energy a realistic and financially viable option for everyday families.

Expert advice and a hassle-free experience

The heat pump package comes with full-service support, including a free consultation, a personalised quote with fixed pricing and professional installation.

IKEA also offers ongoing maintenance and a product warranty of up to 15 years, depending on the chosen system, although this is only available for German-based households so far.

Svea Solar, IKEA’s Swedish energy partner since 2020, brings technical expertise to the collaboration.

Taner Karacan, Managing Director of Svea Solar, said: “Our partnership with IKEA is about making energy independence simple. Together, we’re helping households play their part in the climate transition - without the complexity.”

While environmental experts and the government continue to encourage homeowners to make the switch to a heat pump, one of the first questions most people ask is 'are heat pumps worth it?'

Costing more than a boiler replacement and usually requiring additional work to your existing emitters (for example, radiators), we asked energy expert, David Hilton his views on 'are heat pumps are worth it', and the factors that may affect the answer.

He says type, installation costs and performance are the three main variables to consider when deciding are heat pumps worth it for your home, and explains why you need to explore each one to find the answer.

Understanding how the type of heat pump can impact your answer

In order to answer the question 'are heat pumps worth it,' we must start by looking at the different types available.

In essence, heat pumps essentially move heat from one place to another. They have a refrigeration circuit that absorbs heat from the environment, and then enhances it, before transferring it as useful heat to the home central heating system.

In terms of the type of heat pumps that are available, there are three main types and each one is named after the area that it gets its heat from.

An air source heat pump gets its heat from the outside air that circulates around the heat pump outdoor unit.

A ground source heat pump gets its heat from the ground outside the home via ground collectors, which can either be horizontal or vertical. In a vertical system, pipes are buried in a series of trenches around 1.2m deep, and as a very generic calculation the trenches need to cover an area that is around twice the floor area of the home. A vertical borehole naturally is narrower, but much deeper.

A water source heat pump is effectively the same as a ground source heat pump but there is no large ground loop. Instead, the water source heat pump draws water from the ground (or a river or lake) and then absorbs heat from the water before returning the water to the ground.

Which type you choose will depend on your house and the internal and external space available – factors that need to be considered as they will impact your installation costs.

With a ground or water source heat pump, the main heat pump unit is inside the house and will, at a minimum, require the space that would be taken up by a tall fridge freezer. An air source heat pump unit sees the main unit located outside.

Installation costs will play a major part in deciding are heat pumps worth it

When considering a new heating system, your costs for each of the different type if heat pumps will play a major role in helping you decide if a heat pump is worth it.

Installation costs for heat pumps can differ quite dramatically depending on type. The installation cost of an air source heat pump depends very much on the size of the heat pump, the amount of additional work required to install the heat pump and cylinder, and the potential costs for upgrading your central heating system so that it is optimised for heat pumps. This means costs for installing an air source heat pump can range from £9,000 up to £12,000.

However, when considering your ground source heat pump costs, these could at least double, if not more in comparison to an air source heat pump – particularly if lack of land means you need to opt for a vertical borehole.

You need around 10 to 20 meters depth per kilowatt required, with a borehole costing around £100 per meter. Therefore, the borehole collector on a 200m2 home could cost anywhere between £10,000 and £30,000.

That said, the value of grants can help reduce these costs making it seem more like heat pumps are worth it.

The Boiler Upgrade Scheme is still in action meaning there are currently incentives of up to £7,500 available for the installation of heat pumps. This applies to new builds as well as existing homes.

In Scotland the grant, as well as further interest free loans, are administered through Home Energy Scotland.

Understanding the impact of efficiency on your running costs

Last on the list, but equally as important in weighing up are heat pumps worth it, is the matter of efficiency and how this affects the running costs of your heat pump.

The running cost of a heat pump is dependent on many variables. If the heat pump is optimised then you can expect a heat pump vs gas boiler to result in slightly lower running costs.

If you can use electricity that has been generated by solar panels on your roof, or use a battery to charge up on cheap energy at night and discharge during the peak times, then further savings are also possible.

But, there are also differences when it comes to air source heat pump vs ground source heat pump. Why? Because a ground source heat pump is usually slightly more efficient than an air source heat pump as the temperature in the ground is fairly consistent, whereas the air temperature can change.

An air source heat pump is sized, and the efficiency rated, at an air temperature of 7C and a water temperature of 35°C. If the air temperature increases or the water temperature decreases, then the efficiency and output improve.

Conversely, if the air temperature decreases or the required water temperature increases, then the efficiency and output will drop accordingly. The colder it is outside, the hotter the heat pump will make the water, and therefore the lower the efficiency and output will be.

That said, an inefficient home does not necessarily mean you will have an inefficient heat pump. It is quite reasonable to have an efficient heat pump in an inefficient home.

The amount of energy you will need in a home is the same no matter what technology puts the heat in. The efficiency of a heat pump is ultimately determined by the heat emitter circuits (radiators and under floor heating) and the way these are set to work and commissioned. Unfortunately, if the emitter circuit is not optimised, the running costs will be higher.

Of course a home that is larger, or has less insulation, will also need more heat meaning the heat pump will need to run longer and will cost more to run. If the home is older or draughty then the flow temperature may also need to be increased, which will again lower the efficiency of the heat pump while the flow temperature is higher.

Are heat pumps worth it?

In conclusion, I have no doubt that heat pumps are here to stay. They will be part of our home heating future both in new homes and existing ones.

For homes that have a hot water cylinder, are reasonably insulated and draught proof, and have a compatible central heating system then heat pumps are worth it. Factor in the current grant incentive and heat pumps become very viable heating options.

With a recent revamp of the rules and the introduction of newer refrigerants such as R290 (propane), which has the capability of reaching high temperatures, installers can now also offer installation options that include higher temperature heat pumps. This means that there could be less work required on the central heating system and therefore less disruption and lower installation costs.

Clearly an optimised system will always be best and make installing a heat pump most worthwhile, but there may be occasions where the increased costs and disruption could be very high and the savings do not always justify the investment.

To really establish the facts and figures to understand are heat pumps worth it for your home, your installer should do a heat loss calculation and then give a proposal of the estimated running costs. This way, the return on investment can be clear to the home owner from the start.

Understand more about the issues surrounding the question are heat pumps worth it by finding out how to assess if your home is suitable for a heat pump and, why, the answer to are heat pumps suitable for old homes is, in general, yes.

More than 35 energy and green industry organisations are calling on the UK government to make heat pumps part of the "salary sacrifice" scheme.

The open letter – signed by companies like OVO Energy, Suez, and The Electric Car Scheme, and coordinated by the REA (Association for Renewable Energy and Clean Technology) – asks ministers to include heat pumps in the upcoming Warm Homes Plan.

The request comes as the government looks for ways to help homeowners switch to greener heating systems.

What is the "salary sacrifice" scheme?

The "salary sacrifice" scheme allows employees to pay for certain items directly from their pre-tax salary.

This means they save on income tax and National Insurance contributions, which reduces the overall cost of the item.

Currently, this scheme is used for electric vehicles (EVs), allowing people to lease cars more affordably by reducing their monthly payments through tax savings.

The idea is to apply the same approach to heat pumps, which could help reduce the upfront cost for homeowners and make them more accessible.

Lessons from EV uptake

The call to action is inspired by the impact of "salary sacrifice" on electric vehicle adoption in the UK.

By allowing employees to pay for EVs using their pre-tax income, the scheme has lowered the cost barrier and boosted uptake by as much as fourfold. According to industry data, a £35,000-a-year employee could save nearly £100 per month on a new EV when using "salary sacrifice".

Industry leaders say the same principle could apply to heat pumps. A typical installation with monthly costs of £410 over three years could fall to £295 per month for a basic-rate taxpayer under the scheme.

This represents potential savings of over £5,000 for the average household.

High demand, high costs

Research from The Electric Car Scheme highlights that while interest in sustainable home technologies is growing, upfront costs remain a major barrier.

Key findings include:

• 42% of UK adults would like to install an air source heat pump, but say the initial cost is prohibitive.
• 55% believe current financial incentives are not enough to make greener choices viable.
• 58% think the government should do more to support eco-friendly home upgrades - a sharp increase from 34% in 2023.

These insights reinforce the argument that financial incentives like "salary sacrifice" could play a pivotal role in helping homeowners overcome the affordability hurdle.

Industry perspective and potential impact

Supporters of the "salary sacrifice" proposal say it’s not just about saving homeowners money - it could also support jobs, economic growth and the UK’s climate targets.

Thom Groot, CEO of The Electric Car Scheme, described the extension of "salary sacrifice" to include heat pumps as a “win-win” for consumers and the economy.

“We know that the government is seriously considering adding heat pumps to the hugely successful legislation covering EVs,” he said. “We estimate the cumulative economic impact of expanding 'salary sacrifice' schemes could reach £8 billion over the next five years.”

Trevor Hutchings, Chief Executive of the REA, added that the proposal could help achieve roughly 600,000 renewable heating installations by 2030. “Extending this approach to renewable technologies like heat pumps and solar would give the industry a much-needed boost, while helping homeowners make affordable green choices,” he said.

The government’s consultation process continues, with further announcements expected later this year as part of the Warm Homes Plan.

Industry observers will be watching closely to see whether "salary sacrifice" will be extended to play a broader role in the UK’s clean energy transition.

The BBC has brought an abrupt end to The Happy Heat Pump Podcast, due to BBC concerns over "public controversy", the show's host Evan Davis says.

Evan Davis and Bean Beanland, the show's joint hosts announced the cancellation in their final episode, expressing disappointment and concern over the growing politicisation of environmental technologies like heat pumps.

Davis claims the BBC said "heat pumps can be controversial" and asked for him to no longer be involved with the show, leading to the decision to end the show.

What is The Happy Heat Pump Podcast?

Launched as a passion project between BBC broadcaster Evan Davis and Bean Beanland of the Heat Pump Federation, The Happy Heat Pump Podcast ran for 20 episodes and aimed to offer discussions about heat pumps.

The show featured conversations on everything from how heat pumps work, how much they cost, and what homes suit heat pumps.

According to the hosts, the podcast was not about promoting products but about helping listeners understand the broader energy transition.

“The reception has been incredibly good,” Beanland said in the final episode. “Even this morning I was getting messages from people saying, ‘Just found this - this is brilliant. More, please.’”

BBC bosses tell Davis to step back over “political” concerns

Despite the show’s educational nature, Davis revealed that his continued involvement became an issue due to his employment with the BBC.

Though the podcast was initially greenlit as a side project, Davis said that “as the world has progressed over the last few months,” BBC leadership became uneasy with the potential perception of the show as politically charged.

“They have to try and keep their presenters out of areas of public controversy,” Davis explained. “And they have decided heat pumps can be controversial. So they’ve asked me not to be involved.”

The BBC has allowed the 20 existing episodes to remain online but prohibited Davis from producing any further content.

Hosts call the decision “extraordinary”

Both Davis and Beanland expressed frustration and disbelief at the idea that a podcast about heating systems could be swept up in political controversy.

“It’s a heating system, for God’s sake,” Beanland said. “Fundamentally, we all want to be warm and have hot water, and do it as efficiently as we possibly can. And yet it’s become a sort of touchpaper.”

Davis agreed, arguing that the real issue lies in the politics surrounding the UK’s net zero ambitions. “It’s not the heating system that’s the issue - it’s that if Britain moves to net zero, you're going to need a lot of heat pumps,” he said. “So people who oppose the net zero timeline pick on heat pumps as a proxy.”

The hosts highlighted what they see as a failure of government and media alike to clearly explain the purpose and urgency of the energy transition. “What we failed to do - successive governments have failed to do - is explain to people why this transition needs to happen at all,” Davis concluded.

Though The Happy Heat Pump Podcast has come to an end, its hosts hope the conversation around sustainable heating, and the need to depoliticise practical climate solutions, will continue.

Kevin McCloud, known for his expertise in home design and sustainability, remains a strong advocate for heat pumps as a greener alternative to traditional gas boilers.

Despite their growing popularity, McCloud acknowledges that heat pumps are not a universal solution, especially for homes that are poorly constructed or lack proper insulation, but neither are gas boilers.

McCloud said he believes heat pumps are a crucial part of the future of heating in well-built, energy-efficient homes.

'Heat pumps are fantastic in homes that are properly insulated'

McCloud has been vocal about his support for heat pumps, which draw heat from the air or ground and use it to warm a home.

Unlike gas boilers, which generate heat by burning fossil fuels, heat pumps are an eco-friendly alternative option to gas boilers that can significantly reduce carbon emissions.

"Heat pumps are fantastic in homes that are properly insulated and built to high standards," McCloud said. He’s quick to highlight that, when properly installed, heat pumps can offer a more sustainable and energy-efficient solution than traditional gas boilers.

Why gas boilers don’t work as well in modern homes

McCloud believes that gas boilers are not the long-term answer to the UK’s heating needs, especially in the face of growing environmental concerns.

While they have been the standard for decades, McCloud argues that they don’t measure up when it comes to sustainability.

"You can’t put a gas boiler in a poorly constructed house," he said. "If you have a building that leaks heat, putting a gas boiler in it is just as inefficient as using a heat pump in the same space."

For McCloud, both gas boilers and heat pumps are not suitable in homes that are not properly insulated. "There’s no point putting energy into a building that’s just going to leak it straight out. You’re just heating the planet, not the building," he explained.

The key to using sustainable heating systems like heat pumps effectively is ensuring the home is energy-efficient from the start.

McCloud says heat pumps are the future

Despite the challenges that come with poorly constructed homes, McCloud is optimistic about the role heat pumps will play in reducing the UK’s carbon footprint.

However, he stresses that heat pumps should only be used in homes that meet certain energy efficiency standards. "The focus should be on improving the quality of homes first," McCloud said. "Heat pumps are brilliant when they’re used in the right context - homes that are well-sealed and well-insulated."

McCloud’s message is clear: heat pumps are a fantastic solution for sustainable living, but they need to be paired with homes designed for energy efficiency.

As the UK continues its push towards greener energy, McCloud remains confident that heat pumps will be an essential part of the future - but only when the homes they’re installed in are ready to support them.

Fresh off his historic Masters triumph, Rory McIlroy has secured yet another victory, this time in the world of eco-friendly home improvements.

The golf superstar has been granted planning permission to install an air source heat pump for his outdoor swimming pool at his £9 million estate on the Wentworth Estate in Surrey.

This win goes beyond sports highlighting McIlroy’s commitment to sustainability in the face of challenging planning regulations.

'Very special circumstances' helps McIlroy gain approval

McIlroy’s estate, nestled within the tightly protected Green Belt, faced significant regulatory hurdles when he sought planning approval for his heat pump.

Green Belt policies are designed to prevent urban expansion, and the local planning authority, Runnymede Borough Council, initially deemed the installation “inappropriate development”.

The decision seemed like a setback, but McIlroy’s planning agent argued that the “very special circumstances” of the case justified the development due to the environmental benefits of renewable energy.

The council ultimately granted planning permission for the project, noting that the heat pump’s positive environmental impact outweighed the harm to the Green Belt.

A Runnymede Borough Council planning officer stated: "It is considered that significant weight can be attributed to the environmental benefits and this would outweigh the harm to the Green Belt."

Why is McIlroy looking to install a heat pump?

Rory McIlroy is known for his competitive drive on the golf course, but off it, he is also becoming a figurehead for environmentally conscious luxury.

Air source heat pump installations are becoming increasingly common in order to heat homes and swimming pools.

McIlroy's team made it clear that this would provide "wider environmental benefits," and they successfully argued for the installation, even in a Green Belt zone.

According to McIlroy’s planning agent: “The provision of renewable energy limits the requirement for non-renewable sources... a very special circumstance justifying development within the Green Belt.”

This decision also aligns with the government’s goal to expand the use of renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions. The push for sustainable technology is especially important as energy prices continue to rise, and homeowners are looking for more efficient ways to heat their homes.

Could McIlroy set a trend for Green Belt heat pumps?

McIlroy’s planning win reflects a wider trend of high-profile homeowners adopting renewable energy solutions, which could eventually influence broader policy decisions.

As McIlroy lifts his Green Jacket at Augusta, he's also leading by example with a green upgrade at home, showing that sustainability doesn't have to be sacrificed for luxury.

Luxury homes and estates are increasingly turning to technologies like air source heat pumps to maintain comfort while embracing sustainability. McIlroy’s case highlights both the growing demand for eco-friendly technologies in large estates and the regulatory hurdles that many homeowners still face.

McIlroy’s success story serves as a potential model for future planning applications in Green Belt areas, as the UK works to meet its climate goals.

On Wednesday 30 July 2025 Homebuilding & Renovating Premium will be hosting yet another exciting new masterclass for its members.

Landscape Design Tips for Self-Builders and Renovators will be hosted by Teresa Conway, experienced gardens editor and writer, and Homebuilding & Renovating's Deputy Editor.

She will be speaking to garden and landscape designers Lucy Willcox and Will Cooke. In order to access this masterclass, as well as view our previous episodes, you can sign up to Homebuilding & Renovating Premium for just £1 for your first month.

How to watch

This month's masterclass will begin at midday on Wednesday 30 July 2025 and Homebuilding & Renovating Premium members can find the Zoom link on our Premium page. Please note that only people with an active subscription can access the link.

Our masterclasses are hosted on Zoom and can be joined via mobile or desktop. If you are unable to attend the live session we aim to make the recordings available in our exclusive Premium content area as soon after the event as possible.

Meet the experts

Upcoming masterclasses

We have a packed schedule of events lined up for our Premium members over the coming months and are adding to it all the time.

Our next masterclass to look out for will be on How To Avoid (And Solve) Renovation Pitfalls with Homebuilding & Renovating's resident renovation expert, Laura Crombie.

In future sessions, we'll be covering reducing your energy bills, lessons in interior design and how to assess and buy a self-build plot.

Previous masterclasses

As well as being able to watch these masterclasses live, any that you have missed will be available to watch back later in your own time.

For instance, you can catch up on Heat Pumps Explained with David Hilton, and How To Reduce The Cost Of Your Build with Tim Phillips.

Please note that these links are only accessible to our Premium subscribers. If you have any questions about our Premium service, please drop us an email at homebuildingpremium@futurenet.com.

Swedish clean energy company Aira has made bold claims about its ability to transform heat pump adoption in the UK, where uptake remains stubbornly low at just 1% of households.

As part of its £300 million investment into the UK’s clean energy transition, Aira says three key changes – reducing red tape, cutting electricity costs and introducing better financing models – could drastically increase the number of heat pumps installed and help the country meet its net-zero targets.

We explore these proposals that they put forward in their "Policy One Paper"and how they are seeking your support to make these changes happen.

1. Slashing bureaucracy to speed up heat pump installations

Aira claims that delays caused by bureaucracy are a major barrier to rolling out heat pumps, despite recent government changes to planning laws.

The company has criticised the lack of clarity surrounding new permitted development rules, which it says leaves thousands of households in limbo.

Another sticking point, Aira argues, is the current system for connecting heat pumps to the grid. The requirement for a formal application to regional Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) is, according to Aira, slowing progress unnecessarily. Instead, it is calling for a “connect and notify” process, which would reportedly reduce delays and allow for faster installations.

While Aira’s proposed changes sound promising, there is no guarantee that policymakers will act swiftly or in line with the company’s recommendations.

2. Tackling the high cost of electricity

Aira is calling for electricity prices to be reduced relative to gas, claiming that the current imbalance in pricing undermines the financial appeal of switching to heat pumps.

The company has singled out green levies on electricity bills as a key driver of high prices and believes these levies should be redistributed to make cleaner energy more affordable for consumers.

While there is some consensus across the energy sector that electricity pricing reforms are necessary, it remains unclear how realistic or timely such changes would be. The Government has yet to signal any immediate plans to rebalance energy costs in a way that would significantly benefit heat pump users.

3. Introducing flexible payment options for heat pumps

Aira also argues that high upfront costs remain the single biggest obstacle for UK households to adopt heat pumps, despite the Government’s £7,500 Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS).

To address this, the company claims that leasing models and third-party ownership could make clean heat more accessible.

Aira already offers monthly payment plans for its own systems and has called on the Government to expand subsidy schemes to include such leasing options. According to the company, this would lower the financial threshold for homeowners and increase uptake.

However, critics of such models may question the long-term financial implications for consumers and whether leasing would create additional barriers, such as ongoing maintenance costs.

Aira calls on UK public and politicians to support changes

Aira has called for public and governmental support to accelerate the UK’s shift to clean heat. The company urges policymakers to implement consumer-friendly policies, streamline installations, and make heat pump adoption more affordable.

They encourage individuals to:

• Pressure the government: Write to the Ministry for Housing, Communities, and Local Government, demanding a clear timeline for changes to heat pump planning regulations.
• Raise questions in parliament: Push for flexibility in financing options to help more households afford heat pumps.
• Debate energy costs: Advocate for reforms to reduce electricity prices and incentivise cleaner energy choices.

The UK government has awarded a £100,000 contract to the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) to combat myths about heat pumps and encourage their adoption.

Heat pumps, although seeing record numbers of installations in 2024, face resistance from some homeowners due to misinformation about their cost, effectiveness and suitability for British homes.

We explore the role of BIT in dispelling myths, the misconceptions that have hindered uptake and how the government hopes this effort will make heat pumps a more appealing option for households.

A behavioral approach to encourage heat pump adoption

The government has hired the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT), a specialised "nudge unit," to counter misinformation about heat pumps and encourage their adoption.

BIT are owned by Nesta, a non-profit organisation, who provide expertise in behavioural science and innovation who's focuses include climate change, education and health.

As heat pumps are a cornerstone of the government's decarbonisation efforts. With a target of 600,000 installations per year by 2028, they are critical to achieving Britain’s net-zero emissions goal by 2050.

Toby Park, Head of Climate, Energy, and Sustainability at BIT, highlighted the importance of addressing public scepticism: “Heat pumps are a very efficient low-carbon system for keeping our homes warm, but negative perceptions remain a barrier to their widespread adoption.”

Battling common heat pump myths

Misinformation has led to widespread skepticism, with myths circulating in the media and among stakeholders.

Claims that heat pumps are noisy, ineffective in cold weather and unsuitable for older homes are among the most persistent. The BIT team found that individuals who claimed to know “a fair amount” about heat pumps were less likely to want one, while those with accurate knowledge were more receptive.

The government’s contract with BIT also points to misleading media narratives. For example, stories in outlets like the Daily Mail and Daily Telegraph often emphasise high costs and technical challenges.

According to Park: “Sometimes scepticism is due to real market challenges, such as affordability, but doesn’t take into account the whole picture, like the availability of grants (such as the Boiler Upgrade Scheme). In other cases, it can be due to myths, such as the claim that heat pumps don’t work well in cold weather.”

How will the 'nudge unit' aim to boost adoption?

BIT’s strategy includes a large-scale survey of public attitudes and a media analysis to identify the root causes of misinformation.

These insights will shape a campaign to correct false beliefs and emphasise financial incentives, like the government’s £7,500 grant for heat pump installation.

On average, heat pumps cost about £12,500 to install but offer significant efficiency advantages, converting one unit of electricity into 2.5–5 units of heat.

The initiative also addresses misinformation from political figures and interest groups. Nigel Farage of Reform UK has criticised heat pumps, while former Energy Minister Lord Callanan accused gas boiler manufacturers of spreading misinformation to protect their market share.

By clarifying misconceptions and promoting benefits, the government hopes to shift public perception. As Park noted: “We aim to create an environment where accurate information enables households to make informed decisions about adopting heat pumps, leading to meaningful progress toward our net-zero goals.”

With cold snaps on the horizon, you might be wondering how to stop a heat pump freezing when temperatures drop significantly over the winter months.

A bit of snow and ice isn't usually anything to worry about, however, there are signs to look for if your heat pump does freeze and how you can rectify the situation quickly.

We go through the causes, the remedies and how to avoid causing damage to your heating system.

Heat pumps freezing: Causes and solutions

Homebuilding & Renovating's renewables expert David Hilton and expert on how heat pumps work, Peter Spurway from Viessmann take us through the essentials of how to stop a heat pump freezing.

How to stop a heat pump freezing

Unlike gas boilers vs heat pumps, which operate inside the home, heat pumps need to be equipped for changes in outdoor temperature. The good news is that all correctly installed heat pumps from reputable manufacturers shouldn't freeze in cold weather if they are functioning correctly.

Therefore you shouldn't normally need to do anything yourself to stop it from freezing.

David Hilton explains further: "All air source heat pumps that are designed to be installed outside of the home will have a defrost cycle. You'll know if this is taking place as during the defrost cycle there may be "a lot of ’steam’ that comes off the heat pump and possibly a 'whoosh' noise. Which is nothing to worry about as it is a normal feature of a heat pump."

However, whilst Peter Spurway at Viessmann explains that snow and ice resting on a heat pump aren't a problem, if you notice the whole unit is covered in ice as well as the insides of the coil, this could indicate a problem with your defrost cycle.

Whatever you do, don't go pouring water on the unit to defrost it as this is extremely dangerous. Attempting to remove the ice by chipping away at it can also cause serious damage to your heat pump.

Peter recommends you contact an HVAC professional who can help determine the cause. "When this problem is ignored, it can result in problems with your unit in the future, so it’s best to get it sorted sooner rather than later, so your heat pump can work in cold weather," says Peter.

How to tell if a heat pump is frozen

"When a heat pump freezes there could be a number of symptoms," explains David Hilton.

If you're living with a heat pump, the first sign is that you will experience a noticeable drop in the output of your heat pump. "The ice that builds up on the evaporator (the finned area at the back of the heat pump) blocks the airflow and therefore affects the efficiency," says David.

He continues: "If the heat pump gets completely blocked with ice then it will be very visible on the back of the heat pump and also the output of the heat pump will drop and it will not be able to heat your water or home adequately. After a while, the heat pump may simply stop working and come up with a low-pressure fault."

Pete Spurway suggests in addition to the back of the unit being covered in ice, you might notice the unit periodically switching to defrost and plumes of warm water vapour being pushed outwards by the fan. All of these indicate that your heat pump is frozen.

What causes a heat pump to freeze?

Low temperatures and high humidity can cause a heat pump to freeze in winter. "In cold weather, the condensed moisture on the coils of the heat pump freezes, forming ice. High humidity (we are an island nation after all!) increases the likelihood of frost formation," says Peter Spurway.

Part of good heat pump maintenance is to maintain airflow around your unit. "Consider the area around the unit, blocking a heat pump by parking too close or placing a bin or fence around to hide it could cause issues with airflow into the unit," says Peter.

If the heat sensor on your heat pump is faulty, it may not be able to detect the ice build-up, and this could be another reason the pump isn’t activating the defrost cycle, adds Viessmann.

FAQs

How does the defrost cycle on a heat pump work?

"The defrost function on an air source heat pump is an automatic feature that allows the heat pump to momentarily go into reverse to dump some heat on the evaporator," explains David Hilton, Homebuilding & Renovating's renewables expert.

"This is done to melt any ice build-up and thus open the fins to allow air to move freely. Inside the heat pump, there is a device called a 4-way valve that switches the flow of refrigerant to dump heat on the evaporator."

"There are a number of sensors in the heat pump unit that know when the evaporator is becoming blocked and will trigger the defrost cycle. Sometimes the defrost cycle can be tricked into operation when leaves block the evaporator or when dirt has blocked the condenser heat exchanger," finishes David.

What happens if a heat pump does not defrost?

"If the defrost cycle feature on your heat pump fails then the evaporator will build up with ice and airflow will be restricted as the fins get blocked up."

"Eventually, the heat pump will freeze up and completely block the airflow resulting in a lower output and potentially the heat pump could also stop working in order to protect itself," says renewables expert David Hilton.

How do you keep your home warm during a defrost cycle?

A heat pump myth is that a defrost cycle will cause your home to get colder. In fact, you shouldn't notice a temperature change inside your home during a defrost cycle, therefore there should be no need to prepare any backup heating.

"A defrost cycle will only operate for a few seconds to maybe a minute or two. It is not enough time to worry about it affecting the heat in the home," explains David Hilton.

You shouldn't notice any problems with your heat pump-operated underfloor heating or heat pump radiators during the defrost.

Why does my heat pump keep going cold? 

"The defrost cycle reverses the unit operation, harnessing the indoor heat to melt the ice on the outdoor unit. This is why a suitable system volume is key; although if you notice reduced heating capacity it is advisable to contact your installer to look at the design and operation of the system in colder periods," says heat pump expert Peter Spurway.

There are many types of heat pumps available and choosing which type is right for you is a process. For instance check out our guide to solar assisted heat pumps and how they differ from the standard.

With air source heat pumps fast becoming the go to technology to replace many boilers, especially in new homes where legislation is making it hard not to fit one, understanding how to make your investment more cost-effective to run is a key requirement for many homeowners.

I love heat pumps. They are amazing bits of technology but, as with all tech, they have very specific operating conditions and design parameters that mean it's not simply a case of switching to an energy saving tariff and hoping for the best.

In theory, the way heat pumps work make them less than ideal for night time based off peak energy saving tariffs. But, with the right knowledge there are ways of making them more suitable and here's how.

Pros and cons of using off peak tariffs with heat pumps

Heat pumps come in very many different shapes and sizes and also have a variety of different refrigerants that are optimised for different environmental conditions, and working temperatures. They also run on electricity, whereas boilers run on oil or gas.

Why does this matter? Gas can punch heat into a property much faster than a heat pump. Heat pumps operate on a a ‘low and slow’ basis, but boilers operate ‘hot and a lot’. This makes a very big difference when it comes to setting up your heating system.

Electricity at the moment is not cheap, so if you've also made the switch to an electric vehicle, you may have switched to a tariff that is cheaper for a set period at night time, but slightly more expensive during the day.

While this is beneficial for electric vehicles because they can charge at around 25 miles for every hour they are plugged in, giving you up to 150 miles of charge during the cheaper tariff period, because heat pumps operate on a ‘low and slow’ basis, they ideally want to run all day – not just at night.

If a heat pump only runs during off peak times, then it is effectively trying to heat the water as hot as it can during this time (a period when it is less likely to be needed), which will ultimately result in lower efficiency.

And, because it is running hard, it will also be at its noisiest at exactly the wrong time. Although heat pumps being noisy is perhaps one of the most common heat pump myths. A well designed air source heat pump positioned in the right place shouldn't really bother anyone.

While the lower tariff may justify the lower efficiency, the heat pump will still need to run during the day at the higher tariff which can add extra cost if it is not carefully controlled.

But, there are ways of making the most out of your air source heat pump and lower tariffs and here's how.

How to optimise off peak tariffs and heat pumps for central heating

As I have an electric vehicle, I've opted for an off peak tariff. Currently the tariff is around 9p per kWh from 12.30am - 5.30am in the morning. The rest of the day it is around 22p per kWh. When the heat pump runs at night, the efficiency may drop to around 2.25 which means a kW of heat costs around 2p.

Through the day, the efficiency becomes higher, but so is the cost, meaning that each kW of heat in the day is around 7p which is 3.5 times more expensive.

In order to optimise on the lower costs per unit, during the off peak time I set the schedule on the heating to lift the temperature in my home by three degrees, but let it hold at the lower normal temperature during the day. Thermal mass (the ability of a building to hold heat) does the rest in maintaining the temperature it's achieved overnight.

Solar panels can further reduce costs

Another way of reducing the amount of higher rate electricity I use is via the solar photovoltaic panels I have on the roof. These do supply some energy to the heat pump in the day, although the lack of winter sunshine can mean this is limited.

With a solar battery (something I haven't yet installed), this saving would be even bigger as any electricity stored would also help power the heat pump during the peak periods.

How I manage off peak tariffs, heat pumps and my hot water supply

How I make my hot water cost effective

Hot water preparation in my home is handled differently. When I first renovated my house, I had a micro heat pump. This is a very small heat pump that is built into the top of a water cylinder. It has a different refrigerant that is better at producing hot water, but it needs higher ambient temperatures.

Stale air from the home is drawn through the heat pump and the heat is extracted from the stale air and transferred to the cylinder. The unit only uses 600W to run and produces 1.8kW of heat.

Unfortunately mine did not last very long, five years to be exact, so while the idea is great, the cost (both financial and carbon) was not justified. Perhaps a better quality one would have produced a better result.

I have since replaced the micro heat pump with a standard heat pump cylinder that is connected to the outside fan unit. I have however set the schedule to run during off peak times only, and I use the immersion to lift the temperature to over 60°C each night.

Excellent insulation on the cylinder and insulated pipes means the cylinder retains this heat and it only needs to be topped up once a day during the off-peak tariff period.

Still in the early stages of deciding how to heat your self-build project? Find out more about other methods of heating your home in our guides to ground source heat pumps and just how much it costs to install a heat pump.